Save gas and time on your next trip. Lake Erie was carved out by glacier ice[6] and in its current form is less than 4,000 years old, which is a short span in geological terms. The lake was named after the Erie Indians who once inhabited the shores. McFarland. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Friction with the ground causes air to pile up. Check out the Wilderness Suites on Long Point, in Norfolk County. Storms frequently cause short-period fluctuations in lake level that can amount to several feet at the ends of the lake. [119], The lake supports a strong sport fishery. [115] There is a Lake Erie Monster beer and a Cleveland Monsters hockey team. Rising air cools and water vapor condenses into cloud droplets the efficiency of snow production increases when the wind pushes the clouds over land. Then the position vector at time t t is given by r(t) r ( t) with spherical coordinates r0 r 0, (t) ( t), . The maroon, Your Great Loop distance on this river is 334 miles. [91] The insects mate over a 72-hour period from June through September; they fly in masses up to the shore, mate in the air, then females lay up to 8,000 eggs each over the water; the eggs sink back down and the cycle repeats. [74] Zebra mussels and gobies have been credited with the increased population and size of smallmouth bass in Lake Erie. [20], In 1669, Frenchman Louis Jolliet was the first documented European to sight Lake Erie, although there is speculation that tienne Brl may have come across it in 1615. British authorities in Canada were nervous about possible expansion by American settlers across Lake Erie, so Colonel Thomas Talbot developed the Talbot Trail in 1809 as a way to stimulate settlement to the area; Talbot recruited settlers from Ireland and Scotland, and there are numerous places named after him in southern Ontario, such as Port Talbot, the Talbot River, and Talbotville. [39] Another concern had been that pollution in the lake, as well as toxins found inside fish, were working against commercial fishing interests. [7][25] Lake Erie's water level fluctuates with the seasons as in the other Great Lakes. Greyhound carries around 18 million passengers a year who travel 5.4 billion miles (8.6 billion km) a year on their fleet of around 1700 vehicles. But the Lake Erie walleye was reportedly having record numbers, even in 1989, according to one report. [35] Lake Erie was the last of the Great Lakes to be explored by Europeans, since the Iroquois who occupied the Niagara River area were in conflict with the French, and they did not allow explorers or traders to pass through; explorers followed rivers out of Lake Ontario and portaged to Lake Huron. Crossed from Cleveland to Erieau, Ontario. Human Ecology 12: 413429. Directly north of Cleveland is Erieau, a cool little village on a Peninsula. This ancient drainage system was destroyed by the first major glacier in the area, while it deepened and enlarged the lowland areas, allowing water to settle and form a lake. [114], The longest fish in Lake Erie is reportedly the sturgeon which can grow to 10 feet (3.0m) long and weight 300 pounds (140kg), but it is an endangered species and mostly lives on the bottom of the lake. In 1998, this was the shortest signed interstate at 0.72 miles. These trails became primitive roads which were eventually paved. We will now prove that this is the smallest possible distance. The bay is subdivided into the Inner Bay and Outer Bay by a line . CLEVELAND, Ohio -- You can't see across Lake Erie to Canada. The industrial economy of the lakeshore area depends heavily upon water transportation. The important steel industry (notably, to the south at Pittsburgh and at Detroit) depends upon the movement of iron ore and limestone across the Great Lakes to Lake Erie ports (mostly to the Ohio ports of Cleveland, Ashtabula, and Conneaut). [36] In 2007, the wreck of the steamship named after "Mad" Anthony Wayne was found near Vermilion, Ohio, in 50 feet (15m) of water; the vessel sank in 1850 after its boilers exploded, and 38 people died. The first European to see Lake Erie, when the Iroquois inhabited the region, was probably the French Canadian explorer Louis Jolliet in 1669, although some credit the Frenchman tienne Brl with its exploration as early as 1615. All rights reserved (About Us). The invasive plant species in Lake Erie consist mainly of Eurasian milfoil, Trapa natans and purple loosestrife. [107] Cleanup efforts were described in 1979 as a notable environmental success story, suggesting that the cumulative effect of legislation, studies, and bans had reversed the effects of pollution:[107]. The first ice usually forms in late November, and by January it locks into place. [88], The Lake Erie water snake, a subspecies of the northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon), lives in the vicinity of Ohio's Put-in-Bay Harbor and had been placed on the threatened species list. There are efforts to identify shipwreck sites and survey the lake floor to map the location of underwater sites, possibly for further study or exploration. [90], In 1999, a local TV station's Doppler weather radar detected millions of mayflies heading for Presque Isle in blue and green splotches on the radar in clouds measuring ten miles (16km) long. This distance across Lake Erie from Cleveland, Ohio to the Canadian shoreline is approximately 54 miles. Some introductions have been seen as beneficial such as the introduction of Pacific salmon. [41] Since slavery had been abolished in Canada in 1833 but was still legal in southern U.S., a Lake Erie crossing was sometimes required for fugitive slaves seeking freedom: When Kentucky fugitive Lewis Clarke arrived in Cleveland, he had no idea how to find Canada. [66] But venturing on Lake Erie ice can be dangerous. Where are Pisa and Boston in relation to the moon when they have high tides? [110], In winter when the lake freezes, many fishermen go out on the ice, cut holes, and fish. [113] Because of the threat of PCBs, It was recommended, that persons eat no more than one walleye meal per month. YouTubes privacy policy is available here and YouTubes terms of service is available here. The fastest time for women, set by Melanie Nickou of Waterford, Pennsylvania, in 2011, is 13 hours and 35 minutes. With a mean surface height of 570 feet (170 metres) above sea level, Erie has the smallest mean depth (62 feet) of the Great Lakes, and its deepest point is 210 feet. . Lake Erie (/ri/ "eerie") is the fourth largest lake by surface area of the five Great Lakes in North America and the eleventh-largest globally. [20] Later, there was a battle on the ice with the Royal 32nd Regiment, with the rebels being driven to retreat.[20]. The major axis of the lake extends from west-southwest to east-northeast for 241 miles (388 km), and the lake has a maximum width of 57 miles. Is Brooke shields related to willow shields? [23] The project was abandoned. . the driving . The main natural outflow from the lake is via the Niagara River, which provides hydroelectric power to Canada and the U.S. as it spins huge turbines near Niagara Falls at Lewiston, New York, and Queenston, Ontario. As such, it's the start in many marathon swims across the lake. North Dakota can access the Hudson Bay through the province of Manitoba. [32] During the 19th century, ships could enter the Buffalo River and travel the Erie Canal eastward to Albany then south to New York City along the Hudson River. Non-native sport fish such as rainbow trout and brown trout are stocked specifically for anglers to catch. Lake Erie, fourth largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. British pressure led to the takeover of two strategic French forts, in 1759 (Fort-Conti, thereafter Fort Niagara) and in 1760 (Fort-Pontchartrain-du-Dtroit, thereafter Fort Detroit). Once a bridge across Long Island Sound was proposed. [91] These insects were a sign of Lake Erie's move back to health, since the mayflies require clean water to thrive. The cheapest way to get from Erie to Canada costs only $73, and the quickest way takes just 3 hours. [39] An important business was fishing. . [63] Being the shallowest of the Great Lakes, it is the most likely to freeze and frequently does. The British, allied with the Iroquois, developed trade along Lake Erie in the late 17th century. Entry into Canada: Canadian law requires that all persons entering Canada carry both proof of citizenship and proof of identity. Since the 1970s environmental regulation has led to a great increase in water quality and the return of economically important fish species such as walleye and other biological life. Longest 3di's. . There was a tentative exploratory plan to capture CO2, compress it to a liquid form, and pump it a half-mile (800 m) beneath Lake Erie's surface underneath the porous rock structure. [140] Currents can pose a problem, and there have been occasional incidents of drownings. The largest city on the lake is Cleveland, anchoring the third largest U.S. metro area in the Great Lakes region, after Greater Chicago and Metro Detroit. Joint U.S.Canadian agreements pushed 600 of 864 major industrial dischargers to meet requirements for keeping the water clean. Commercial landings are dominated by yellow perch and walleye, with substantial quantities of rainbow smelt and white bass also taken. To conclude, this chart clarifies why Michigan is truly the Great Lakes State with three times as much shoreline as the next state, Wisconsin. Berkes, F. 1984. Depends on where on where you start and end . [96], Lake Erie infamously became very polluted in the 1960s and 1970s as a result of the quantity of heavy industry situated in cities on its shores, with reports of bacteria-laden beaches and fish contaminated by industrial waste. [128] Divers have a policy of not removing or touching anything at the wreck. The distance between Cincinnati and Lake Erie is 260 miles. Boaters who have touched Canadian soil must report to U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) upon re-entry to the United States. And Point Pelee National Park celebrates its 100th birthday in 2018. The lake is responsible for microclimates that are important to agriculture. In 1991, the 19th-century paddle steamer Atlantic was discovered. When fishermen realized late Saturday morning that the ice had broken away, they began to debate the best way off. Generally, the lowest levels are in January and February and the highest in June or July, although there have been exceptions. Both the US & Canadian routes are exceptional: Beginning at Waterford, the USA route through the full length of the historic Erie Canal, this route also takes you along the southern shores (US side), Each travel day and destination is numbered. Formerly I-35W; another 3-digit route that works more like a 2-digit route. [6][10] It is the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume of the Great Lakes[11][12] and therefore also has the shortest average water residence time. Storm-driven seiches can cause damage onshore. [28] Lake Erie is the shallowest of the Great Lakes because the ice was relatively thin and lacked erosion power when it reached that far south, according to one view. [32] There are few bike repair shops in Ontario on the route.[32]. This baby is the connection between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River, and the location of, The Illinois river's close proximity to the Chicago River and the man-made Chicago Ship Canal is why we have a Great Loop and not a, This leg of your journey is only 219 miles to Cairo at the junction of the Ohio River and the Lower Mississippi. Ferryboats operate in numerous places: such as the passenger-only Jet Express Ferry from Sandusky and Port Clinton to Put-in-Bay and Kelly's Island. Lake Superior is 350 miles (563 km) long (east to west), and its greatest width is 160 miles (258 km) from north to south. . [72], Lake Erie has a complex ecosystem with many species in interaction. [79] This problem was extreme in the mid and late 1960s, and the Lake Erie Wastewater Management Study conducted by the Buffalo District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers determined that the eutrophication was caused by point sources such as industrial outfalls and municipal sanitary and storm sewer outfalls, as well as diffuse sources, such as overland runoff from farm and forest land. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [128] They are preserved because the water is cold and salt-free. Corrections? [115][144] There were reports in 1990 of people seeing a "large creature moving in the water about 1,000 feet (300m) from their boat" described as black in color, about 35 feet (11m) long, with a snakelike head, and moving as fast as a boat. Four major rivers feed into the Grand: the Conestogo, Nith, Speed and Eramosa. [108] According to chemical engineer Peter Douglas, there is sufficient storage space beneath Lake Erie to hold between 15 and 50 years of liquid CO2 emissions from the 4,000 megawatt Nanticoke coal plant. The park is renowned for biodiversity and birding, plus beaches. Settlers established commercial fisheries on the north coast of the lake around the 1850s. But more recent federal highway logs consider I-395 to be nearly 2 miles long. How far apart are Chicago and Cleveland? Length: 241 mi / 388 km: Breadth: 57 mi / 92 km: Depth: 62 ft / 19 m average 210 ft / 64 m maximum. [49] Many lake residents take advantage of the ice and travel; some drive to Canada and back:[66]. [30] The name may also come from the word eri, meaning "cherry tree". A balloonist named John Steiner of Philadelphia made an ambitious trip across the lake in 1857. [49] One report suggests the oxygen-poor zone began about 1993 in the lake's central basin and becomes more pronounced during summer months, but it is somewhat of a mystery why this happens. The compact was signed into law by President George W. Bush in September 2008. The shortest distance (air line) between Detroit and Cleveland is 90.13 mi (145.05 km). Do you need a passport for Canada? It is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) long and is about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) across at its widest point. The north coast of Ohio is widely referred to as its nursery capital. [36] Most wrecks are undiscovered but believed to be well preserved and at most 200 feet (61m) below the water surface. serving over 3800 destinations across North America, Mexico and Canada. [87] At that time, satellite images depicted a bloom stretching up to 1,300 square kilometres (500sqmi) on Lake Erie, with the epicenter near Toledo, Ohio. Lake Erie has 31 islands (13 in Canada, 18 in the U.S.), located generally in the western side of the lake. According to one estimate, 34 to 36 inches (860 to 910mm) of water evaporates each year from the surface of the lake,[6] which allows for rainfall and other precipitation in surrounding areas. 2023 Advance Local Media LLC. Lake Erie's fish populations are the most abundant of the Great Lakes, partially because of the lake's relatively mild temperatures and plentiful supply of plankton, which is the basic building block of the food chain. In December 1970 a federal grand jury investigation led by U.S. Attorney Robert Jones began, of water pollution allegedly being caused by about 12 companies in northeastern Ohio. These chemicals act as fertilizer for growths of algae that suck oxygen from the lower depths and rise to the surface as odoriferous green scum Commercial and game fishblue pike, whitefish, sturgeon, northern pikehave nearly vanished, yielding the waters to trash fish that need less oxygen. [69] Plans to install turbines in Pigeon Bay, south of Leamington were met with opposition as well. In 1885, lake winds were so strong that water levels dropped substantially, sometimes by as much as two feet, so that at ports such as Toledo, watercraft could not load coal or depart the port. After being trapped for an hour-and-a-half, Baker was back on dry land, exhausted and battered but alive. [129] Other wrecks include the fish tub Neal H. Dow (1910), the "steamer-cum-barge" Elderado (1880),[129] W. R. Hanna,[36] Dundee which sank north of Cleveland in 1900,[36] F. H. Prince,[36] and The Craftsman. [89] They mate from late May through early June and can be found in large mating balls with one female bunched with several males. Situated on the International Boundary between Canada and the United States, Lake Erie's northern shore is the Canadian province of Ontario, specifically the Ontario Peninsula, with the U.S. states of Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York on its western, southern, and eastern shores. As many as three glaciers advanced and retreated over the land, causing temporary lakes to form in the time periods in between each of them. A large lowland basin formed over two million years ago as a result of an eastern flowing river that existed well before the Pleistocene ice ages. At its deepest point Lake Erie is 210 feet (64 m) deep. [106] There was substantial evidence that the new controls had substantially reduced levels of DDT in the water by 1979. As the power of the Iroquois waned during the last quarter of the 17th century, several other, mainly Anishinaabe, displaced them from the territories they claimed on the north shore of the lake. The most popular two options give you a choice of cruising through Canada or remaining. [34] There was a legend of an Indigenous woman named Huldah, who, despairing over her lost British lover, hurled herself from a high rock from Pelee Island. Omissions? The shorelines of these lakes left behind high ground sand ridges that cut through swamps and were used as trails for Indians and later, pioneers. State of Ohio, Division of Geological Survey, Monthly bulletin of Lake Levels for The Great Lakes; September 2009; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District. Some chose to sit and wait for authorities, while others headed east in search of an ice bridge Others managed to get to land on their own by riding their all-terrain vehicles about five miles east to where ice hadn't broken away. [36] In 2003, divers discovered the steamer Canobie near Presque Isle, which had sunk in 1921. The distance between New Jersey and Canada is 3261 km. In the 1970s and 1980s, as pollution in the lake declined, counts of walleyes which were caught grew from 112,000 in 1975 to 4.1million in 1985, with estimates of the numbers of walleyes in the lake at around 33 million in the basin, with many of 8 pounds (3.6kg) or more. [19] Long-distance swimmers have swum across the lake to set records; for example, a 15-year-old amputee swam the 12-mile (19km) stretch across the lake in 2001. Cookie Settings/Do Not Sell My Personal Information. Some of the rebels stationed themselves in the U.S. and crossed the ice from Sandusky Bay to Pelee Island wearing "tattered overcoats and worn-out boots", and carrying muskets, pitchforks, and swords,[20] but the islanders had already fled. [39] But since high levels of pollution were discovered in the 1960s and 1970s, there has been continued debate over the desired intensity of commercial fishing. Canada by going across Lake Erie. "Spring Rain, Then Foul Algae in Ailing Lake Erie", "Lake Erie Heat Wave Threatens Nuclear Plants' Cooling Systems", "Author's imagination stoked by Lake Erie tales", "Caught in a net of laws and bans, fishermen lost their livelihood", Great Lakes; Basic Information: Lake Erie, "Great Lakes Storm Surges November 1213, 2003", "Hansen, Michael C. "The History of Lake Erie", "Peachman Lake Erie Shipwreck Research Center (PLESRC)", "The lake erie hero. [62] In January 2011, for example, residents of Cleveland were glad when Lake Erie was "90 percent frozen" since it meant that the area had "made it over the hump" in terms of enduring repeated snowfalls which required much shoveling. [48] In 1913, a memorial to Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry was built on Put-in-Bay island featuring a Doric column.
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