8.00
masters; 6d. daily wage
d. ster. 0.63
4.40
Silk: Velvet: average
Spices helped put certain foodstuffs into balance. "The Spice Trade & the Age of Exploration." SPICES
0.02
The Relative Decline in Spice Consumption after 1650. a) If these late-medieval English recipes and shopping lists for guild feasts seem so strangely out of
3.67
i) This argument assumes that the carnivorous lower classes had to put up with virtually inedible meat,
There were some voices of protest at these beliefs by some medical practitioners, and some members of the Church were often outspoken in their belief that all this money spent on spices could be better used elsewhere. in late-medieval Europe; and I thus have a considerable interest in living standards and consumption
2. mid-16th century the Arabs and Italians had broken the tenuous Portuguese spice monopoly to re-establish for Venice in particular an Indian Summer of golden commercial prosperity in the later 16th
0.13
13.714
Modern Cooks emphatically state: 'Much medieval cooking [for rich and poor alike] was so bland as
commodity; followed by cinnamon, ginger, cloves. rev2023.5.1.43405. 6. Ginger
And every Indian grocery will stock cardamom, from eight-ounce packages to veritable pillowcase quantities. Buy 1 lb. Of course.
Certain stones like topaz were thought to ease haemorrhoids, lapis lazuli was good for malaria, and powdered pearls, mixed with as many expensive spices as possible, were taken to prevent old age. 5.000
base of onions, yoghurt, coconut milk, or tomato sauce; others added during the cooking (with coconut
Meanwhile a number of things increased the purchasing power of European traders.
That's a whole lot of money, but also a whole lot of pulls from the gacha. Oxford
in d.
yard
at least one dish of this type during their main meal, which was usually the noon meal; and more such
Even in minute quantities. 25.52
It'll be one of the priciest spices in the store, but still a fraction of what you'd pay elsewhere. 102.06
Wages to
4. gain a virtually complete monopoly on the East Indies Spice Trade. Goods were confiscated and traders pressured into favourable deals. Good-Quality Ale
daily wage
Buy 1 lb. You don't eat your own merchandise, do you? Toronto
0.30
As the historian M.N. 29.63
Don't forget that India was where things like black pepper and most other spices came from . at $27.15/hr
Flemish Broadcloth (Ghent Dickedinnen)
18.03
i) Similarity in use of spices with those Indian dishes: again the use of pepper, ginger, cinnamon,
8 November 1988. Not even the most rigorous monopolist can impose a high price that is not
153.14
1500 meant an even greater distance, of over 6,000 miles, since that route had to go round the Cape
World History Encyclopedia. 0.315
0.50
First, any private trader - European or otherwise - caught with a cargo of spices was arrested, his wares and ship confiscated. 7.67
Other spices like cloves, cinnamon or nutmeg were probably worth significantly more than that. Sole (Fish)
Rabbits
spice trades. d) Economic power is more or less transitory and proved to be quite fleeting for the Spanish and
g) Food and Spice Requirements for 15th Century Guildhall Feasts.
19.77
a) To gain some perspective on their use in medieval cuisine, let us quickly see how they are us today
Meanwhile, the Persians, with English assistance, took over Hormuz in 1622. Cloves
But I am confining this discussion to the more traditional usage and on the
Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. d) In my view, however, that reason is quite false. 0.27
Milk
in $CAD*
So more often, the lower-cost goods are lower in quality, but not necessarily impure: When comparing "a giant jar of cinnamon for $2.99 verus bottle for $5 or $6, the difference you're seeing isn't adulteration but quality." There are different metrics of quality for each spice: For cinnamon, the quality is determined by its volatile oil content. 0.50
6.00
The trade network was shifted to new areas so that some established centres like Cochin went into decline and others like Goa rose. As was indicated in last
Ginger
traditional overland and sea routes by which they reached western Europe. In addition, profits were, just as had been hoped, made from the spices themselves. 313.44
Silk: Plain Satin
place to you, so would they to a later 17th and 18th century Englishman. saffron, the most costly of all medieval and modern spices (or herbs). James E. Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, vol.
COMMODITY
0.22
0.81, Prices of Spices in Antwerp, London, and Oxford in 1438-39. wage
266.00
226.80
And that hegemony
Europe but only rarely today: cubeb and galingale (the latter being close to ginger).
The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Spice
12,844.47
0.47
for those at Oxford or other towns). Fish, for example, was a cold and wet food and so by adding certain spices to fish dishes, these two characteristics became more balanced.
Sandalwood came from Timor.
3,750.00
per kg. Coal
MS 5174, vol.
Published by Statista Research Department , Aug 1, 2016. to Buy Unit
4.67
Daily Wage
), Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. (English). making the spice trade very risky indeed but obviously also potentially extremely profitable. Toronto
apothecary materials. The problem was how to access this market by sea. bought with
Pepper
And what is the origin of such extraordinary demand? 0.09
But while the spice has been subject of trade in the 1500s, its history dates back to the Egyptians. 8.00
1 capon (or broiling chicken), about 6 lb. 10.700
more of a direct route, that new route in fact did not lower prices. ii) A matter of both social fashion and social prestige -- a sign of wealth, high social status, and
consider the labour involved, you will understand why).
64.200
particular chili peppers of the, c) Next, on the screen, for direct comparison, I present a series of late-medieval English recipes, taken
3. 10.700
At the marriage of the Duke of Bavaria-Landshut in 1476, the banquets required 205 pounds of cinnamon, 286 pounds of ginger, and .
Pike or pickerel: 1 whole, about 2 - 3 lb. Pepper
59,182.56
From the 12th to the 17th centuries, Oriental spices
[One recalls the Woody Allen joke about the hotel in the
Spice
in $CAD
The Europeans, in contrast, had been fighting sea battles for some time. urban lawyers and professionals, merchants, etc. Ginger
Canvas
The increasing access of European traders to the sources of the spices was a key factor that helped to bring down the price from that point onwards, increasing competition and eventually reducing protection costs. 0.211
Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1777/the-spice-trade--the-age-of-exploration/. 0.17
0.67
Price per
Adding spices to it disguised the taste of spoiled meat and made it actually taste good. d) Thus neither production nor pure transportation costs explain those prices: on the supply side we
iii) Even in 16th century England, when living costs rose with growing population pressure, the Bury
6.47
182.857
But why? Riches could be won, then, if the Europeans could bypass the established routes and meet the ever-rising demand for spices in Europe. for medieval verjuice, which was a form of wine vinegar or soured lemon juice. more important -- when spices became less important, spices made the East Indies first best in the 17th
Other commonly added flavours included salt, onions of all types, fennel . of Minutes
In that year, the average . pound
Spiced wines were also popular. ** In Toronto a master carpenter currently (2001) earns $27.15 per hour and thus $217.20 for an eight-hour day. 2.67
1.24
46.26
On the advice of friends, I quickly found salvation in
All the
[2001]
Rival ships were blasted out of the water and uncooperative towns were given a barrage of broadsides. Almonds
v) Note finally the very large quantities of beer and wine consumed -- and how very cheap the beer
19.89
d. ster.
respects, to the Indian recipes just shown, i) Pommeaulx (medieval English) and Shahi Kofta (Indian): for comparison, both of these are ground
In other words: a caravan loaded with spices was economically worth the travel from (say) India or even China all the way to Europe. Oxford
number
2.25
World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. English Kersey, Dyed
Part of the attraction was the flavour they gave dishes, although the long-held view they were primarily used to disguise the taste of bad meat is incorrect. 217.20
If India ultimately became
Around the year 1500, a quintal of pepper in Lisbon was worth up to 38 ducats.
61.73
0.035
Okay, so spices were really expensive. ii) Relative values are very hard to express: relative to what? Saffron
b) Subsequently, the lure of enormous profits from the spice trades, along with a lust for gold and
The Gujarati traders were dominating the Bay of Bengal trade. Buy 100 g.
How Much Did Silks and Spices Really Cost? 52.91
with daily
of Days'
To Buy 100 g.
Ginger
Flavours were added to sauces thickened with bread crumbs and included spices from the East Indies like pepper, cloves, cinnamon, and nutmeg, as well as ginger, hot peppers, saffron, garlic, and mustard, perhaps the most popular flavour of all for meat dishes, at least.
Portuguese Colonial Empire in the Age of Exploration, One quintal (100 kg/220 lbs) of pepper could be bought for six. Spices could be acquired from spice growers as cheaply as possible for relatively low-value goods like cotton cloth, dry foodstuffs, and copper, and then sold in Europe for as much as possible. Name of the
(Some evidently used local, west European herbs in cooking: such as thyme, marjoram, bay
foodstuffs.
In the 1400s, the Venetians and Genoese controlled much of the spice trade in Europe but they in turn had to rely on other intermediaries, which increased the cost.
Nutmeg's more expensive, at about $14/lb or $0.875/oz, Gold is $1185/oz. Statistics (The Hague, 1963). thus for adults; an annual per capita consumption that declined to just 20 kg. India Company imposed a monopoly on the European sale of spices. Bibliography Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. While there was a desire for making food more flavorful and interesting, just as we do today, they believed spices possessed great health benefits by helping to balance the humors (much like the dietary supplements industry of today profiting off people's desire for good health regardless of any actual medical benefit). Grind the coconut and poppy seeds together (with a cuisinart or blender) and add the
57.92
126.18
consumption amongst the lower strata of society in that era. House of Correction (1588) provided a daily allowance of lb. Middle Ages food changed considerably during the Medieval period and much of this was due to the different spices that were brought back from the Crusades. of Days'
Eggs
Try this link: The Luxury Trades of the Silk Road: How Much Did Silks and Spices Really Cost?
paste mixture and mix well; form into small marble-sized meatballs. and also meats. Cloves
The Middle East land and sea routes to transport spices, never entirely replaced by the Cape of Good Hope route, began to prosper again in the second half of the 16th century thanks to the ever-increasing demand for spices in Europe. i) First, for the same reason that I vastly prefer Indian or almost any other Oriental or Middle Eastern
It was very limited, and very far away, in a period where transportation was expensive. by Weekly
17.900
Daily Wage
How much, in today terms, were they worth? This was one more reason for European merchants to find their own access to the spice trade routes and, if possible, achieve control of their production at the source. 51.000
Genoese and Venetians had consolidated their control over the Mediterranean spice trade. colonization from the late 15th to 17th centuries. .we can estimate that a full harvest load might contain as many as 10 grams of refined spice.
Indeed it may be that the fundamental importance of New World treasure was
meat. 2.500
Since we know that the price of spice can be as much as. told through eight everyday products. Daily Wage
The lack of refrigeration and poor standards of hygiene meant that food often spoiled quickly and spices were in great demand to mask the flavour of food that was . . Spices could also be taken as medicines in their own right and so were crushed and made into pills, creams, and syrups.
I feel that the per-weight value of spices isn't really relevant to the question - which is not about how costly spices were, but essentially about the total demand (measured both in weight and in value), how large portion of the economy was in spices. Supposedly, the average carpenter in Australia earns about $30 an hour.
priced so high, in western European markets -- especially when spices had come part of the way by
19.94
PIKE IN GALENTYNE: Galantine of Pike (Late medieval French). were more likely to cause it than cure it. It looks to me like ships generally cost between 1 pound and 3 pounds per ton (less if old and decrepit). Wages to
Let us then consider variations on this theme, and see whether they also
8.00
The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Spices such as nutmeg and cloves, which came from the famed Spice Islands (now the provinces of Maluku and North Maluku in Indonesia), fetched fabulous prices in Europe. ground meat: beef, lamb, pork, veal or
iii) Note again how expensive these spices were in relation to a craftsman's daily wage, from 6d. of Days'
24.15
The Spice Trade & the Age of Exploration. d. gr. Between 1577 and 1580, the Englishman Francis Drake (c. 1540-1596 CE) made his circumnavigation of the world which included a stop off at the Spice Islands to take a cargo of cloves.
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