Select a delivery date & we'll ship fresh directly to you or a loved one. They range from $85 to $6,500, depending on the type of shell and the intricacy of the design. In ancient Hawaii Ti Leaves symbolized high rank and divine powers. This gift was truly appreciated and speaks well for your flowers. [34] Among the Nikgini people, the leaves have magical abilities to bring good luck and are used in divination and in decorating ritual objects. To shake like a leaf means to feel extremely nervous or afraid to the point that your body is trembling. [35] Among the Kapauku people, ti plants are regarded as magical plants and are believed to be spiritual beings themselves. Do not use or reproduce without permission. Mahalo. Many years ago, I gave a friend a lei of red hala, made from the fragrant fruit of the pandanus tree, at the start of a business venture. In the material world, they are most useful as guides used to attract the attentions of spirits. The ilima flower is the official flower of the island of Oahu. [29] In instances of an unknown death, shamans in Micronesia communicate with the dead spirit through ti plants, naming various causes of death until the plant trembles. Does Your Life Include a RIPE Plan?Planning Tips for Retirement, Investing, Protection, and Estate Planning Part 2 (Investing), Simple and Easy Epson Workforce 2650 Troubleshooting Tips, 3 Things You Should Know About Stainless Steel Fasteners, Link Building Tricks With CommentLuv and KeywordLuv, The Cause and Effect of Health and Fitness in Your Life, Dynamic Dubai - A whole world in one city, Writing Press Release That Effectively Generates Publicity, Main Characteristics of American Literature. Leis most popularly used to greet visitors are the sweetly scented, yellow-and-white plumeria, white tuberose, ginger, pikake (Arabian jasmine), and the unscented, lavender to purple dendrobium and vanda orchids, strung in several styles ranging from prosaic to exquisite. According to some historian, the Ti plant is not native to the Hawaiian islands. [10][19] The Dayak also extract a natural green dye from ti. About The Helpful Professor For several years now, we have been sending, and oh yes receiving beautiful blooms curated by Bernice Walker and her crew at Puna Ohana Flowers. Fertilize bi-weekly in spring and summer using a nitrogen-rich fertilizer at 1/2 strenght. At other times she can be reached at her Honaunau farm, (808) 328-9749. Many Hawaiians also believe that planting Ti Plants around their home will bring good luck into the house. In ancient times, the Ki served as a material for clothing, rain gear,sandals, roof thatching, dinner plates, ceremonial activities, fishing lures and making okolehao, an alcoholic brew from the ti roots. The Life of a Firefighter: What Exactly Is It Like. The names in some languages have also been applied to the botanically unrelated garden crotons (Codiaeum variegatum), which similarly have red or yellow leaves. The medicinal properties of leaves have also been proven through the years as certain types of leaves have been used for healing. Planning A Funeral 101: How To Plan A Funeral On A Budget, Breaking with Tradition: 8 Creative Bachelor Party Ideas, How to Get a Fresh Start by Decluttering Your Life, What the Office Must Be for Employees: An Employers Guide, Prioritizing Health & Wellness While Growing an Enterprise. Cordylines are often planted outside nakamal buildings. Most leis will keep overnight in the refrigerator, in a plastic bag. So if you dont want to carry it as a good luck charm, you can still plant some in your front yard. Also the heavy thatching insulated against the cold winds. You can change your mind at any time by clicking the unsubscribe link in the footer of any email you receive from us, or by contacting us at TheAnthrotorian@gmail.com. Your email address will not be published. [9], Ti has many uses but it is most notable as one of the most important plants related to the indigenous animist religions of Austronesians. Wait until the soil feels a little dry until you water it again. See the article in its original context from. According to folklore, the Ti Plants are considered sacred to the Hawaiian God of Fertility, Lono and to the Goddess of Hula, Laka. Red ti plants commonly symbolize blood, war, and the ties between the living and the dead; while green ti plants commonly symbolize peace and healing. These plants dont require a lot of care. A Symbol of Peace, Hope and Vitality. Other uses are medicinal for fevers, decongestants and healing, the leaves are used to wrap gifts, food for cooking, liners for dishes, hula skirts, and as a cover for the imu and underground oven. Leaves Symbolism in Literature and Popular Culture, Different Leaves and Their Representations, Bes Egyptian God of Fertility and Childbirth, Huldra The Seductive Forest Beings of Norse Mythology. Okolehao is a Hawaiian alcoholic spirit whose main ingredient was the root of the ti plant.Okolehao's forerunner was a fermented ti root beverage or beer. The leaves are also often used as wrap food or as plates. As you can see, the uses of this plant are many. These amazing Hawaiian flowers are carefully wrapped and quickly sent to destinations all over! Red plants are used in white magic rituals, while green plants are used in black magic rituals. Use this unrivaled green leaf to decorate your food trays, line your festive table, or accent your floral centerpiece. For example, plants that live in areas that receive plenty of sunlight and air would tend to have smaller leaves in order to limit the amounts of light and carbon dioxide that they absorb, while one that lives in dark and dense areas tend to have bigger leaves to increase their rate of absorption. This is a must-have for luaus! Ti leaves are a symbol of good luck and blessings. Judaism associates leaves to how weak humans are because of their susceptibility to the powers of nature and to the possibility of a Supreme Being controlling each facet of human life. Since there are so many emotions one can share, we offer many different styles showcasing a variety of flower leis to fit . the leaves of the Hawaiian Ti plant have been used for spiritual protection, The former meaning originally derived from warring Hawaiian chiefs centuries ago. It also makes sure to absorb only as much supply as needed to keep the plant alive, since taking in more than is necessary could only work to its disadvantage, resulting in damage or death. Denise Laitinen. The Tongan dance dress, the sisi, is an apron of about 20 leaves, worn over a tupenu, and decorated with some yellow or red leaves. If you are thinking about sending the REAL DEAL Hawaiian flowers get in touch with Puna Ohana FlowersYou will be so happy that you did!! Ti is a palm-like plant growing up to 4.5 metres (15 feet) tall[2] with an attractive fan-like and spirally arranged cluster of broadly elongated leaves at the tip of the slender trunk. Copyright I learned about lei protocol the hard way. ''It's good luck for the year, because hala means cleansing, like firecrackers for the Chinese and mochi for the Japanese.''. It has the highest morphological diversity in New Guinea and is believed to have been extensively cultivated there. The leaves were also used to make items of clothing including skirts worn in dance performances. As leaves continue to sprout and grow year after year without fail, they have become associated with fertility and abundance. [10] Among the Kwaio people, red ti are associated with feuding and vengeance, while green ti are associated with ancestor spirits, markers of sacred groves, and wards against evil. When they desired an end to their conflict, they would meet to come to an agreement. In times before Western contact, commoners giving leis to royalty had to present them to an intermediary with a bow, observing a taboo against raising their nonroyal hands above the head of an alii. he Anthrotorian will use the information you provide on this form to be in touch with you through monthly email newsletters. They hold symbolic meaning depending on the type of leaf, the color of leaf and the culture or religion from which theyre viewed. Mrs. Meheula makes her own containers -- puolo -- out of ti leaves, palm and coconut fronds, and, occasionally, bamboo. Giving a lei is a great way to show friendship, love or to celebrate or honor someone. purification and healing. Except for those on evergreen trees, most leaves have a short life cycle. ''Parents will hike in a storm to gather maile for their child's graduation, because it signifies that the child will continue to grow and have life,'' Mrs. Meheula said. Hawaiian Souvenir Why Would Anyone Need a Hawaiian Souvenir? The Ti plant is also associated with strong spiritual energy, so its also common practice to meditate with 4 (this number is sacred to Hawaiians) Ti leaves. The lei has no fragrance but is visually stunning. Hailing from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, Denise has called Hawai'i home since moving to these islands in 1994. A number of leaves are lashed together and people ride down hills on them. The ti plant is a diverse plant which the Hawaiians use from it's leaves to it's roots. Ancient Hawaiian folklore believed that the deep green Ti Leaf possessed healing powers and bestowed good luck upon its recipients. He was well into his 70's when, for his daughter's high school graduation, he hiked into the mountains and gathered maile and mokihana -- rare, cube-shaped seed capsules also strongly scented like anise. The Hawaiian lei represents the spirit of the Hawaiian islands, and it can stand for many feelings and emotions. We use leaves for food, paper, clothing, medicine, and many other things but apart from practical uses, leaves also have acquired symbolic interpretations over time. When leaves turn brown, it serves as a clue to plant owners that they are about to wilt and will soon fall to the ground. The plant is of great cultural importance to the traditional animistic religions of Austronesian and Papuan peoples of the Pacific Islands, New Zealand, Island Southeast Asia, and Papua New Guinea. Although the leaves dont have substantial nutritional value on their own, theyre used as a tea to aid chest congestion and muscle tension. "Special problems in an ethnobotanical literature search: "The wild plants used as traditional medicines by indigenous people of Manokwari, West Papua", "Punnuk rice harvest ritual celebrates the Earth's abundance", "Flora De Filipinas: A Short Overview of Philippine Plant Lore", "Study Ethnobotany Andong Plants of the Genus Cordyline in the Dayaknese of Meratus Lok Lahung Village, Loksado, South Borneo", "Ethnobotanical Study of Sasak Ethnic, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara", "Various Plants of Traditional Rituals: Ethnobotanical Research Among The Baduy Community", "Actions, Relations and Transformations: The Cycle of Life According to the Ankave of Papua New Guinea", "Reite Plants: An Ethnobotanical Study in Tok Pisin and English", "Archaeological Evidence of a Prehistoric Farming Technique on Guam", "Are Cabbage Trees Worth Anything? A falling leaf, although it may seem a sad and lonely symbol, can also represent the hopefulness that comes with new beginnings. Ti Leaf Lei: Wishes of Good Luck The ti leaf originated as the sacred plant of the Hawaiian gods Lono and Laka, but in recent times, the leaf has come to symbolize good luck and health. The number of ways the ti plant leaves are used is staggering: roof thatching, food wrapping, clothing like skirts and sandals, cattle feed, dishes, medicine, liquor, and even sleds for kids! [24][25] Among the Toraja people, red ti plants are used in rituals and as decorations of ritual objects. Keep in mind that this plant doesnt handle fluoride, so you might have to switch to distilled water if you notice brown tips. Did you know there are over medicinal 52,885 plants in the world? They can also represent our emotions, and their color and condition can offer clues about our inner state. They are believed to occur in both the material and the spirit worlds (a common belief in Austronesian animism). The short, yet meaningful life of the leaf is a rich source of symbolism, particularly when it comes to discussions about the purpose of life, death, and new beginnings. When someone once ordered a lei for a blind recipient, she chose fragrant . Mahalo!! Thanks for doing such a wonderful array for Mothers Day. People who were of royal descent would wear the maile lei to show their affiliation with royalty and power. The Hawaiian flower lei, known for their soft fragrance and bright colors of tropical petals, it is one of the most iconic traditions in Hawaiian culture. From birth to death, fertility, and healing, the leaf brings with it many life lessons as long as one pays attention. The number four was considered sacred by ancient Hawaiians. Pre-Book our popular curated graduation lei sets for your graduate. For example, Noah receives an olive leaf as a sign that the Great Flood was finally over . To prepare for the long journeys, the Polynesians brought with them plants to cultivate, pigs, dogs, chickens, tools, and other basic supplies to survive in the new island. But my choice of lei, I was to learn, was controversial. I am sure my daughter will enjoy her birthday arrangement. Most commonly used for lei making, if one receives a ti lei, he/she is adorned with wishes of good luck, good health and aloha. T Leaf Lei Rated 5.00 out of 5 $ 15.00 Custom Ribbon T Leaf Lei $ 21.00 T Leaf & Kukui Nut Lei $ 29.00 T Leaf & Purple Orchid Lei $ 33.00 The unfailing will of the leaf to continue working and spreading out regardless of the weather is a reminder to always push forward despite the challenges. Common features include the belief that they can hold souls and thus are useful in healing "soul loss" illnesses and in exorcising against malevolent spirits, their use in ritual attire and ornamentation, and their use as boundary markers. In Jewish circles leaves are compared to individual people. [5][6], It was carried throughout Oceania by Austronesians, reaching as far as Hawaii, New Zealand (including the Kermadec Islands), and Easter Island at their furthest extent. Sailing his Waakaukahi (Canoe) in the gentle breeze of Punaluu BlackSandsBeach is Holokais greatest pleasure. This did not diminish the practicality of the ti leaf rain cape. Hawaiians dont waste any part of the plant, you can even see it used in whistles, food wrappers, plates, and thatches for houses. Christians are hopeful because they believe that everything happens according to the will of God. Shop orchid lei ready for overnight shipping and delivery. The leaf goes through this continuous cycle, and its ending is already determined as soon as it begins, yet it does not stop the leaf from doing what it is meant to do. Some still eat the root after it has been steamed in an in-ground oven. New styles and materials in lei making keep the art form vibrant and evolving. [20] During healing rituals of the Mentawai people, the life-giving spirit are enticed with songs and offerings to enter ti stems which are then reconciled with the sick person. On Oahu, lei stands line the streets of Honolulu's Chinatown. Dani Rhys has worked as a writer and editor for over 15 years. For Christians, leaves symbolize hope amid hardships and difficulties in life. Unlike other magical plants which are controlled by other spirits, ti plants had their own spirits and are powerful enough to command other spiritual beings. There are actually several quotes about the leaf in the bible, which is a reflection of its significance in religious discussions. A leaf may look simple to an untrained eye, but to dedicated artists, it has been a favorite subject in visual arts for centuries, inspiring many jewelry designs. It is very widely regarded as having mystical or spiritual powers in various Austronesian (as well as Papuan) cultures. As it grows bigger and stronger by the day, it also supports the needs of the plant on which it grows. After all, it has been used from ancient times until now in garlands awarded to winners or as a gift born by envoys of countries to signify that they come in good faith. It was considered sacred to the Hawaiian God Lono and the goddess of Hula, Laka. ''Don't ever take a lei off and swing it around,'' advised Euphemia Nagashima, former Hawaiiana coordinator for Honolulu's Department of Parks and Recreation, which organizes the annual Hawaiian Lei Contest on Lei Day. https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/28/travel/the-many-messages-of-the-lei.html. The flowers are gorgeous, huge, and dramatic greenery as well! The leaves are also used by Kahuna priests to ward off evil and bring in good spirits. Relating Ecological and Human Values in the Cabbage Tree, t kuka", "Ti Leaf: Canoe Plant of Ancient Hawai'i", "Anthocyanin Profile and Antioxidant Property of Anti-asthma Flowers of Cordyline terminalis (L.) Kunth (Agavaceae)", "Report on the drinks and drinking among the Mandaya, Manobo, and Mangguangan Tribes", "Okolehao, the Sweet Hawaiian Moonshine With an Unsavory Past", Comparative Awareness: Modified Leaves of, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cordyline_fruticosa&oldid=1134936109, Taxonbars with automatically added basionyms, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 21 January 2023, at 16:07. We will treat your information with respect. This is phrase is used to refer to someone who is known for exhibiting bad behavior in the past, and who is now showing a vast improvement. However, you will need to avoid soil that has perlite and stick to a soil that will drain well. How do I Upgrade My Seat to Business Class on Hawaiian Airlines? [7] There is also archaeological evidence that the rhizomes of the plants were eaten in the past in Guam prior to the Latte Period. I have since found out that my sister dealt with, 2023 - Puna Ohana Tropical Flowers & Leis | All rights reserved. [29][30][31] Among the Tsembaga Maring people, they are believed to house "red spirits" (spirits of men who died in battle). I was told it was a Ti Leaf and I was supposed to use it to cheer for the team. Leis that have white, pink, or red carnations are usually a symbol of love as well. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. When the leaf eventually changes color and turns dry, it is a sign of its pending departure, thus symbolizing death and sadness. The below are examples of possible interpretations only, and may not be the correct interpretations for you and your situation. The green leaves eventually turned brown. Leaves mean many things in different cultures, but the most common symbolism they are used for are related to fertility, hope, abundance, growth, peace, victory, death, and rebirth. Lau ti, Ti: Cordyline fruticosa: Euphorbiaceae (Spurge family) Ti leaf Leva: Cerbera manghas: Apocynaceae (Dogbane family) sea mango Ma'anunu: Tarenna sambucina: Rubiaceae (Coffee family) Magele: Trema cannabina: Ulmaceae (Elm family) poison peach Mago: Mangifera indica: Anacardiaceae (Cashew family) mango Makerita (English loan word) Tagetes . Lucky Bamboo. They are also planted around ceremonial buildings used for initiation rituals. All rights reserved. Most Popular Celtic Gods and Goddesses with Their Power, Hathor Egyptian Goddess of Sky and Her Symbols, Satet Egyptian Goddess of War and Archery, Thoth -The Egyptian God of Wisdom and Writing. Hawaiians plant ti around their homes as a good luck plant, for the leaves are sometimes worn to scare off the oogie-boogies and attract good spirits . Seekprofessional input on your specific circumstances. It is not possible to live by oneself without caring about what is happening because these things will eventually affect us, we just do not notice it sometimes. Over time, the constant use, the winds, and the elements shredded the ti leaves on the cape. They make beautiful decorations radiating a special feeling of safety and protection. There are many kinds of flower leis you can choose from: Orchid Leis, Dyed Orchid Leis, Pikake Leis, Maile Leis, Ti Leaf Leis, Tuberose Leis, Haku Leis. Having Ti plants at home has increased in popularity in the last few years. Golden leaves thus remind us to always look at the bigger picture to realize that endings are not necessarily bad and may lead to better things in the future. The leaves are mostly a shiny and smooth green color but can change colors with the seasons. From ancient Hawaii up to this day Even the practice of giving a kiss with a lei, commonly observed today, was established by a World War II entertainer who claimed it was a Hawaiian custom. Unlike the ti populations in Southeast Asia and Near Oceania, this cultivar is almost entirely sterile in the further islands of eastern Polynesia. These idioms are commonly used not just in educational settings, but also in regular conversations. This is a reference to the way leaves are tossed about by the wind, always in danger of being detached from the stem and blown far away. The Sims 4 Free Download for PC Full Version, Top 13 alternatives for watchcartoononline(2022 Updated), Know Your Luxury: How to Spot a Fake Franck Muller Watch, 4 Interesting Business Law Cases You Have to Hear. The most important leaf for the Greeks was the laurel leaf which represented Daphne, the beautiful daughter of a river god and the love interest of Apollo, the Greek god of the Sun, healing, and music. In ancient times, maile was the lei for all people, while leis of feathers and sperm whale teeth were strictly reserved for royalty. The first symbolic meaning of the maile lei is that of royalty. Copyright 2023 Helpful Professor. They put emphasis on the persons relationship to the community, which is symbolized by the tree where the leaves are connected. The large, narrow-oblong leaves (1-2 feet long and . They are commonly planted around homes, in sacred places (including marae and heiau), and in grave sites. Bright green leaves remind us of spring and the peak of life, so dreaming of leaves in this color or wearing a green-leaf charm channels hope, growth, abundance, and health. It produces 4060cm (1624in) long panicles of small scented yellowish to red flowers that mature into red berries. The lifting of the taboo is believed to be tied to the development of the firewalking ritual.[10]. Aside from the color of leaves, it is also important to take note of the kind and species of leaves because different kinds of leaves carry different meanings and symbols with them. With a writing career spanning more than two decades, Denise is a regular contributor to Ke Ola publications and her work appears frequently in newspapers, magazines, and websites around the country. The kui method uses string or thread; other leis are generally made of plant material only. Thank you. - Conrad, Both orders arrived today and they are absolutely beautiful. Early graduation orders open this month. The leaves are the ones that absorb and process the ingredients needed to sustain the life of the plant, such as the light energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the stem. It's one of the most versatile plants in Hawaiiused for medicine, shelter, clothing and foodand its leaves are woven together . The pages of a book are sometimes called leaves, and book in this context denotes a persons life story. My friend expressed genuine appreciation. Living in Hawaii has been my greatest inspiration and Its fair to say, Hawaiians use the Ti leaf plant in different ways today, but they still take advantage of it from the leaves to the roots. Remember that symbolism is subjective. Due to the special meaning they hold for the Gods, priests use the leaves in their ceremonies as a way to ward off evil spirits. In the past, it was also worn during ceremonial dances called bangibang, which was performed by both men and women for warriors who died in battle or through violent means. by Lindsay Shapka in People, Travel, Culture. Because of this, it's commonly paired with the maile vine during the weaving of a Hawaiian wedding lei. Any lei can be given for any celebratory occasion, different lei colors do have significance in what they represent. Copyright Symbol Sage 2022 All Rights Reserved. Convallaria fruticosa L. the Big Island of Hawaii are my home. Cordyline fruticosa is an evergreen flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae. At blessings to open new buildings and businesses, long strands of maile are entwined in front of the entrance and untied ceremoniously (never cut) to signify that the blessing is complete. At other times, I put them under certain objects or pictures to invoke protection, purification, blessing or healing. Water once every 7 days and provide a humidity between 40-60%. Some of the definitions are derived from lore, popular media representation, or even the specific behavior and care of the plants they belong to. [40] The consumption of ti as food, regarded as a sacred plant and thus was originally taboo, is believed to have been a daring innovation of Polynesian cultures as a response to famine conditions. Brides often wear multiple strands of pikake and ginger, while bridegrooms wear maile. When someone once ordered a lei for a blind recipient, she chose fragrant pikake for the lei and carved a bamboo container -- a tactile and olfactory extravaganza. Ti leaves were also used to make lei, and to outline borders between properties it was also planted at the corners of the home to keep evil spirits away. Subscribe to The Anthrotorians Newsletter. Bless your house with the powerful mana (spiritual energy) of Ti Leaves! The leaves can make a rain cloak. In the spirit world, they exist as fins and tails of spirits. Deciduous trees shed all of their leaves every autumn and . An ilima lei was once accepted as payment for taxes, along with pigs and sweet potatoes, and is still considered ''the lei of distinction,'' she said, worn in multiple strands on special occasions such as election night. Dracaena terminalis Lam. Perhaps the more well-known symbolism of the leaf is that of peace and victory. If you are interested in other arrangements other than the ones you see on our web site, please call us so we can discuss your needs and interests. Going Solar 101: How Is Solar Energy Generated? They also incorporate them in the making of hula skirts, leis, and necklaces that ward off evil spirits. [13] Their ritual uses in Island Southeast Asia have largely been obscured by the introduction of Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity, but they still persist in certain areas or are copted for the rituals of the new religions. Made from leaves and flowers, as well as shells, nuts and even hair, a lei symbolizes the beauty and aloha of Hawaii. It is a woody plant with leaves 3060 centimetres (1224 inches) (rarely 75cm or 30in) long and 510cm (24in) wide at the top of a woody stem. What is the Last Letter of a Four-Letter Word that Perfectly Fits the Meaning of Clever, Witty, or Sarcastic Remark? Because of this, its commonly paired with the maile vine during the weaving of a Hawaiian wedding lei. The dainty yellow-green pakalana (Chinese violet) is less known but much loved by islanders, particularly the old-timers. Learn more about our academic and editorial standards. Only the Alii (royalty) and Kahunas (high priests) were allowed to wear Ti leaves during their ceremonial rituals to ward off evil spirits and invoke the blessings of the gods. Stunning haku head lei handmade with fresh tropical flowers. TAGS: Ti leaves, what are ti leaves, what do ti leaves mean, ti leaves in Hawaii, Ti leaves and sports, Ti leaves Oahu, Hawaiian culture, Hawaii history, hawaii travel, botanical plants in hawaii, plant meanings, meanings of plants, people and culture, culture2, About ContactNewsletterArchive Press/CV. 10 Things You Must Do On Your Next Trip to Oahu, Visiting The U.S.S. The plant comes in a variety of different colors such as green, red, chocolate, orange, pink, and other varieties. (''Give me a full moon and a pakalana lei, and I'll say yes to anything,'' my meditation teacher, Nana Veary, used to say with a mischievous smile.). But Hawaiians ''never throw away their leis, '' Mrs. McDonald said. It was considered sacred to the Hawaiian God Lono and the goddess of Hula, Laka. If the soil is moist, you can skip another day. It is a reminder to not let difficulties get in our way and stop us from going what we were brought here to do. Like her Mother was, she is a somewhat difficult person to give to. Most of the time, how and where I buy the lei depends on the occasion and the recipient. Various lei makers claim to have invented this now-popular (and lavish) lei. It grows only on Kauai, and it is rare to see even one strand of it, much less several. Leis are woven used to open new sites and buildings as well as gifted for any occasion from weddings to birthdays and graduations and more. Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor.
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