U.S. export controls on chip design software and foundry machine tools have also crippled Huaweis HiSilicon, effectively curbing its only potential rival to U.S. advanced chips. Finally, Europe wields power globally by enhancing the role of the European Union, which is powerful on international economic issues while remaining weak as a security actor (although the massive and unprovoked Russian military assault against Ukraine in February 2022 stimulated calls for much greater European efforts on defense). West has spoken at several Huawei events. To some extent, they werent entirely wrong. (Brookings has Donor Guidelines that govern all fundraising and donor engagement activities, said Emily Horne, vice president of communications at Brookings. Yet Wests relationship with Huawei raises questions about the independence of his scholarship and represents a worrying example of Chinas influence on one of Americas leading think tanks. Here, China has shifted from being a rule-taker to a rule-shaper. Technology is perhaps the most intense realm of competition between the United States and China today, and artificial intelligence (AI) is central to that contest. Some CIs specialized in areas such as healthcare, business, Chinese food and beverage culture, and Chinese film. Qi Ye was appointed director. How important is Europe for Americas China policy? As tensions between the U.S. and China grew, federal policymakers frequently conflated CI-related academic freedom concerns with a broader set of issues including: Chinese efforts to steal technology, intellectual property and research data; disruptive activities by some campus-based Chinese student associations and Chinas consulates; Chinese talent recruitment plans; and other suspect influence efforts. With respect to a frequently voiced concern that CI agreements often stipulate applicability of both U.S. and Chinese law, it reproduced a common provision also contained in the Hanban template CI agreement that Chinese personnel working at CIs must comply with U.S. law, while Chinese law would apply to Americans involved in China-based CI activities. In the financial realm, the United States and China are the key players who create a low-inflation environment for the global economy. What role has the U.S. relationship with the region in turn played in affecting Chinas influence and strategy? In an era of tight funding for and decline of interest in Chinese language and culture programs, and a clear need for cultivating Mandarin speakers and China expertise across multiple disciplines, the modest financial contribution and native Mandarin language professionals provided through an appropriately managed CI network should be welcomed, not castigated. It will address the following issues: How can the United States and China navigate intersecting interests in the Indo-Pacific? Will Chinas economic slowdown reduce its financing for development elsewhere and otherwise limit development opportunities for its partners? By then, the U.S. government had mostly blocked Huawei from the U.S. market, and in a damning October 2012 report, the U.S. House Intelligence Committee called the company a national security threat amidst allegations it had stolen sensitive information from American companies. China now touches virtually every region in the world how is Chinas increasing involvement impacting South Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, and elsewhere? Total revenues $67,901,806 2021 20172018201920202021$60m$0.1b Total expenses $85,684,378 2021 20172018201920202021$80m$0.1b Total assets $568,244,186 2021 20172018201920202021$0.5b$0.5b$0.6b Num. China has already made a major bid for influence in the instruments of international economic governance. Emily Weinstein is a research analyst with the Center for Security and Emerging Technology at Georgetown University. This working group will look at the following issues: The working group will produce a set of specific recommendations, some for China and the U.S. to pursue unilaterally and others for them to pursue collaboratively. The Indo-Pacific is the worlds most dynamic economic region and is home to several mature democracies with advanced technological capabilities which are long-time allies or close partners of the United States. In 2013, West met Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei at a technology conference, according to his 2014 book Billionaires: Reflections on the Upper Crust, which Brookings Institution Press published. However, certain parts of the Declaration, some of which are outlined below, signal greater ambition, especially in areas that are ripe for cooperation between the two nations and that focus on near-term impact. Rather than copying capitalist systems like that of the United States, the Chinese government has sought to create a system that, through various formal and informal channels, promotes connectivity between state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and nominally private Chinese enterprises. What are the trend lines when it comes to Chinas relationship with regional countries, and what are the major challenges, roadblocks, or gaps in these relationships? For most developing countries, either China or the United States is the largest trading partner and access to these enormous markets is a key foundation for prosperity. Reducing methane emissions can provide outsized near-term benefits in reducing warming, a crucial benefit in a transition that is bound to take time. Although Japanese and South Korean firms also sit within the top ten holders of smart city patents, State Grid Corporations 7,156 patents in November 2020 was more than double second-ranked Samsungs mere 3,148 patents. But China is not just a growing military power; its also increasingly intent on wielding a combination of diplomatic and economic tools to challenge or reshape the terms and conditions of global order and global governance. Nonetheless, federal funding is needed to adequately meet the Mandarin language challenge and lessen cash-strapped universities dependence on Chinese funding and other teaching support. Prior to a June 2020 reorganization, U.S. universities typically negotiated five-year CI agreements with the MOE CI headquarters, called Hanban, and Chinese partner universities. Early attempts to impose political requirements for CIs to support the One China Principle or refrain from discussing Tibet, for example, were rejected. I think the way that Huawei has been singled out by the U.S. government has been unfair and counterproductive, West said. The Biden administration has the opportunity to reassess the concerns, evidence and U.S. actions taken with respect to the remaining Confucius Institutes and Classrooms. Where do Indian perceptions and approaches toward China converge with those of the United States and where do they diverge? The economic architecture is also experiencing profound change with the emergence of mega trade agreements and the proliferation of national security controls over international economic transactions. Funding from the 863 Program supported the development of Chinas Tianhe-1A supercomputer, which overtook Oak Ridge National Laboratorys Jaguar as the worlds fastest computer in October 2010. Has US-China rivalry passed a tipping point? Meanwhile, Chinese students are required to learn English from elementary school and as a requirement to gain admission to, and in many cases graduate from, college, with an estimated 400 million Chineseincluding front-line military troopsnow learning English. Large government-sponsored initiatives like the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) launched in 1997, the National High-Tech R&D Program (863 Program) established in 1986, and others have helped to funnel finances and resources to Chinese scientists and entrepreneurs and streamline the innovation process. Beijings re-innovation strategy is key element of U.S.-China competition, effectively curbing its only potential rival. What are the range of Chinese actions in the Indo-Pacific that challenge U.S. security and economic interests as well as those that leave room for coordination and cooperation? Despite the huge amount of capital (estimated to be upwards of $150 billion USD from 2014 through 2030) and resources that Beijing has poured into bolstering Chinas domestic semiconductor manufacturing capacity, many of the countrys leading firms are struggling to realize the governments goals. It is hard to design policies to counter something you dont understand. However, the Chinese International Education Foundation (CIEF), a nominally independent organization registered with the Civil Affairs Ministry, supervised by MOE, and initiated by 27 Chinese universities, companies and social organizations, will manage the CI brand and program. Chinas recent advancements in AI and related technology have raised concerns in Washington and elsewhere. As a centralized visa sponsor, CIUS could help ensure compliance with U.S. law and serve as an information clearinghouse on Chinese CI personnel in the U.S., one of the benefits the department had hoped to obtain from the CIUS foreign mission designation. It was approved by the Myanmar government in January 2018. CNAS recommended "higher degrees of transparency" to help "ensure that this funding is not generating hidden forms of foreign lobbying . While a 2019 Senate subcommittee report described CIs as being controlled, funded, and mostly staffed by the Chinese government, they have operated as U.S.-Chinese joint ventures, jointly funded and managed. To meet this challenge, the U.S. government should increase funding for Mandarin language and China studies courses, but also stop forcing cash-strapped universities to choose between federal funding and properly managed CI programs. Moreover, as a recent study commissioned by Chinas MOE observed, in a charged U.S. political atmosphere, the Confucius Institute brand is now associated with Chinese political interference. How might a global China use economic sanctions? Assets and funding. Highlight the major dimensions of Chinese influence within key global (and powerful regional) frameworks and institutions, and their strategies for achieving it; and parse the distinction between those areas where increased Chinese influence is injurious to U.S. interests and Western values, those where it is not consequential, and those where it is constructive; Examine Chinas strategies in those global fora that are seeking to develop frameworks for the global governance of under-regulated domains, especially technology (in conversation with the working group on tech) and space; Propose U.S. and Western strategies for response. The most profound change in the Indo-Pacific, undoubtedly, is the emergence of a peer competitor for the United States: China. A list of specific, actionable foreign policy ideas for the next president, enforce a foreign gift reporting requirement, initiated by 27 Chinese universities, companies and social organizations, effectively controlled by the Chinese government that funds it. Analysis / Bias From a U.S. policy perspective, a more holistic understanding of Chinas innovation strategybeyond a myopic focus on technology transferwill be key to effectively competing with China in emerging and foundational technologies. However, the overwhelming desire of the leaders in both nations to work together to counter American dominance has brought them increasingly closer together in recent years. How does China view its strategic requirements in East Asia as it expands its global influence and footprint? Now, Chinese smart cities make use of an integrated system of physical, information, social, and commercial infrastructure to allow a given city to monitor its citizens and report back through a vast connected network. What are the options for strategic arms control that could help cap Chinas expected nuclear buildup? That formidable task requires the U.S. to foster more realistic and actionable expectations, criticisms and commitments, rather than policies and actions based on an alarmist China caricature that does not reflect the more complex reality of that country, its people and its behavior abroad. What impact does great power dynamics have on U.S. efforts to manage the China challenge? Many CIs also assist Confucius Classrooms teaching Chinese language at K-12 schools. These dynamics make the modern U.S.-China relationship unique in the international system. And like Britain and the United States before it, it increasingly views its challenge to the primacy of the status quo power and its growing influence in global order and governance, as two sides of the same strategy. The federal government and Congress should work to protect our national security in a manner that does not impinge on the academic freedom or institutional autonomy they also seek to protect. It was initially seen as a Democrat think-tank, but it has progressively moved to the right -- while simultaneously being more ecumenical in its choice of scholars. The Brookings Institution (Brookings) is a private, non-profit, independent public policy research organization. What are the set of core U.S. national interests that should result in strategic and well-resourced Indo-Pacific initiatives? Universities should, of course, continue to be vigilant against the potential for unwelcome influence including implicit pressure on faculty to self-censor, as well as to ensure compliance with the Department of Educations foreign gift and other reporting requirements, and visa rules for CI exchange visitors. China is now without doubt the worlds number two military power. What are the most effective strategies for advancing these must have priorities with China? Given the allegations surrounding CIs, which continue to be pressed by bipartisan Congressional coalitions, CI host universities should all publish their CI agreements online. The Declaration is a good start, but is intentionally vague, generally restating the existing commitments and policies of the two countries. Just as it would be a disservice to not mention the background, for example, of the Open Society Institute, funded by billionaire financier George Soros, who advocates a left-of-center agenda.. The success of the U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy will hinge on the administrations ability to work with Asian counterparts. What more can the United States do to limit vulnerabilities? Rush Doshi is the Brookings-Yale Fellow (on leave) at the Brookings Institution and Yale Law School's Paul Tsai China Center. China is running out of productive places to invest in infrastructure, and rising debt levels will further complicate its growth path. This article was published more than4 years ago. The Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center produces independent, timely, and accessible analyses of current and longer-term tax issues. In addition to analyzing the sources of their deepening partnership, the group will explore the areas of tension that remain in the relationship and ask whether there are ways for the United States to exploit those tensions. What are the differences within Europe regarding relations with China, and can the United States and Europe develop common approaches to respond to Beijings economic, political, and military challenges? In this context, it is essential to mitigate the risks of U.S.-China war over Taiwan in particular. It will also be a poor foundation for tackling global challenges such as pandemic control and climate change. The Brookings report did, at least, disclose who provided support for the research: Support for this publication was generously provided by Huawei. In other words, Brookings praised Huaweis technology in a report sponsored by Huawei. Distortive trade practices from either one subsidies that distort trade, dumping, or protectionism via tariffs or non-tariff barriers reduce development opportunities. Fortunately, there are steps that the United States, working in partnership with other democratic governments, can take to safeguard democracy and liberal values in an age of AI. How do President Xi Jinpings personal ambitions and the centralization of power in the Chinese Communist Party affect Chinas approach to foreign policy? The era of U.S.-China cooperation is drawing to a closeWhat comes next? Tomorrows tech policy conversations today. China has been the worlds largest builder of renewable energy capacity for years now and certainly has lessons learned on how to integrate variable renewables into the larger grid. Furthermore, in August 2021, the U.S. Senate passed major bi-partisan legislation for American competitiveness against rising China, which included $10 billion in funding to establish regional. However, U.S.China relations deteriorated in the intervening years. To what extent do China, the United States, or the region see the regions relationships with China and the U.S. as zero-sum both in terms of economic and security relationships? In a 2014 report on CI partnerships, the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) argued that allowing third-party control of academic matters compromises academic freedom and institutional autonomy. This working group will first seek to define Chinas role in these three regions and highlight the factors that determine its influence. As we watch the Chinese Communist Party celebrate its centennial anniversary in 2021, many observers have noted that China has moved away from traditional communism and more towards a system that fits its modern needsSocialism with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era, as designated by Xi Jinping himself. This working group will seek to address the following questions: What policy actions or strategy can and should the U.S. take to position itself as the partner of choice as China increases its activities in South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa? Beijing will want to visibly register its displeasure, lest its leaders be accused at home of tolerating Taiwan's efforts to move further away from China. These closings and the attendant inflammatory rhetoric exacerbate a national foreign language deficit at a time when training Mandarin speakers familiar with an ever more consequential China should be a national priority. Since his early days as leader, Xi Jinping has emphasized the need to unswervingly follow the path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics. This push is beginning to deliver results. Brookings will not accept gifts from donors who seek to undermine the independence of its scholars research or otherwise to predetermine or influence recommendations.). China has worked to restructure its higher education system to develop universities capable of conducting research and competing at an international level through the 985 Project, the 211 Project, and now the Double First-Class Plan. West joined Brookings in 2008. In October 2017, the Brookings Institution, one of Washington's most prestigious think tanks, published a report entitled "Benefits and Best Practices of Safe City Innovation." The report. These findings will help shape discourse on the tools available to the United States and its partners to address Chinese behaviors of concern. The Chinese Communist Partys (CCP) United Front organization oversees propaganda and education and is tasked to promote cultural exchanges, friendship between the Chinese and other peoples and a good international environment for achieving Chinas policy objectives. The CI project is intended to promote a favorable understanding of China, but CIs do not enjoy a monopoly over information available on campuses, and based on interviews and at least one study, any concerns that American students will be brainwashed by CCP propaganda, delivered through CIs or otherwise, are overblown. China is the largest official bilateral creditor to the developing world, mainly via infrastructure loans at commercial interest rates in its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This piece originally appeared in Lawfare. estimated 51 CIs, 44 of them campus-based, admitted role as a soft power instrument, The deception and detriment of US-China cultural and educational decoupling. While acknowledging that CIUS does not undertake diplomatic activities and none of its employees are government officials, the department characterized it as the de facto headquarters of the Confucius Institute network and an entity advancing Beijings global propaganda and malign influence campaign on U.S. campuses and K through 12 classrooms. Citing its opacity and state-directed nature as the driving reasons behind this designation, the State Department also directed CIUS to provide details on funding and curriculum materials it supplied to CIs and K-12 Confucius Classrooms and the names of all PRC citizens CIUS had referred or assigned to them. Indeed, whether by theft or forced transfer, the acquisition of foreign intellectual property has served as a key component of Chinas technological forward march. According to the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), these programs led to the creation of the worlds first light quantum telephone network and advances in low-cost solar batteries. Implementation of the U.S.-China Joint Glasgow Declaration on Enhancing Climate Action in the 2020s, issued at the Glasgow Conference of the Parties in November 2021, focuses on the degree to which the United States and China will cooperate on climate issues. Without understanding this, the United States will struggle to craft effective policies and get ahead in the U.S.-China tech competition. These public-private investment funds aim to produce financial returns while furthering the Party-states industrial policy goals, many of which relate to emerging technologies and high-tech competition, according to a study by Ngor Luong, Zachary Arnold, and Ben Murphy. An influential 2017 study of 12 CIs by the National Association of Scholars identified a range of concerns including transparency, contractual language, academic freedom and pressure to self-censor. Register now. . COVID is a classic current example. The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit public policy organization based in Washington, DC. The Echidna Global Scholars Program is a visiting fellowship hosted by the Center for Universal Education (CUE) at the Brookings Institution. Even critics concede the CI program has provided valuable learning experiences otherwise unavailable due to budget constraints and the lack of Mandarin teachers at universities and public schools across the nation. However, despite successes in fintech and smart cities, China continues to struggle to innovate in key areas, particularly advanced computer chips and the expensive machines that make them. As a result of the COVID pandemic and recession, debt burdens that had seemed prudent in many cases are now unsustainable. What measures can Washington adopt to ensure that United States and allies remain one to two generations ahead in semiconductor manufacturing and other high-end hardware? U.S. policymakers have increasingly done away with the largely debunked notion that non-free market countries cannot innovate.
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