If making a single color of crystals, add the food coloring to the pan and stir. If you want a dehydrator that offers a huge capacity without being too bulky, this is the one you need. Once the mixture is fully liquid, remove from heat and pour into prepared molds. Aroma Housewares Professional 6 Tray Food Dehydrator ($150). Effect of different cooking methods on the content of vitamins and true retention in selected vegetables. Place the largest mushrooms on the top ring tray and the smallest on bottom ring tray. A Web Experience brought to you by LEAFtv, Different Tricks You Can Do with Bubble Gum, "Kosher Food Production"; Zushe Yosef Blech; Jan 2009. Our testers still found this model to be easy to use. Dehydrating isnt a fast process, so a larger-capacity machine can save you time if you have a lot of food to dry, though they also take up more space. Cook over medium-low heat and stir and mash into a puree or use an immersion blender. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. It's sturdy and durable with a stainless steel design. Now, plain gelatin does require a little more know-how than the box of flavored gelatin, but once you master these mistakes to avoid (and tips for mastering gelatin) you can whip up no-bake gelatin treats any ol time with ingredients from your pantry and fridge with ease. Wego this route not only to meet immediate needs but to allow you to scale appropriately asproduction increases. One tester said, "I think this is a pretty machine. It also dried fairly evenly, more so than many compact models we tested. The best dehydrators were able to hold more than 2 pounds of apple rings (although the Excalibur accommodated a whopping 5 pounds) and were able to dry the apples adequately and evenly in 5-to-6 hours producing slices that were nearly indistinguishable from tray-to-tray. Meghan has a baking and pastry degree, and spent the first 10 years of her career as part of Alton Brown's culinary team. Meghan approaches food with an eye towards budgeting both time and money and having fun. No-Fry Butternut Squash Chips are GAPS friendly and perfect . ; Step 12 - Leave the gummies to air dry for 12-24 hours or store the gummies immediately in . The trays are also not dishwasher safe and would be hard to clean in a smaller sink, and our testers noted that this dehydrator also does not dry as evenly as some others. Gummi, or gummy, bears are bear-shaped sweetened and flavored gelatin candy. Our testers also loved the design, especially the dishwasher-safe trays. L'Equip FilterPro 6 Tray Food Dehydrator ($135) This is a medium-sized machine with a medium footprint, so has a larger capacity than some of the compact models we tested. This unit has a top-mounted fan, and the timer can be set for up to 48 hours of drying time. 7. The drying pressure adjusts for the number of trays being used for more even drying, no matter how much food you have. Smaller units work well for small batches and kitchens, but it's helpful to know that crowding your trays will result in your food taking much longer to dehydrate. https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/cooking-tools/g30200878/best-food-dehydrator/, The 5 Best Dehydrators (2022 Review). Roll the sticky candies in a 50-50 mixture of lemonade mix and powdered sugar. This results in a gummy that can be left out at room temperature without fear of any shrinkage. If you're ready to take your dehydrating projects to the next level, or if you're dehydrating high volumes of food for a commercial kitchen, the LEM Big Bite may be the choice for you. Think carefully about how often youre going to use it, where youre going to store it, and what youre going to use it for. Using the four included trays keeps it more compact, but for bigger dehydrating projects you can expand it up to 20 trays. What type of door is it? With a little more to spend, Chefman's food dehydrator is a major step up, designed like a mini oven so you can keep tabs on your dried fruit, veggies, and meats without opening the glass door. Presto Dehydro Digital Electric Food Dehydrator ($100). Pour into silicone molds. Unlike their refrigerant cousins, desiccant dehumidifiers use a silica coatingon a honeycomb-like wheel that captures moisture as air moves through it. Its black and textured stainless steel design has an attractive, professional-grade look, and it features 600 watts of power. United States Department of Agriculture. What is the best temperature to dehydrate food? 4. Think about it like searing a steak - but the result isn't nearly . Hamilton Beach is known for making dependable products for buyers on a budget, and this dehydrator is no exception. Food dehydrators allow you to store summer fruits in winter, and generally cut down on food waste. Cons: It's heavier than some models and more expensive than other models on our list. They're also super easy to make in the dehydrator! Stir the unflavored gelatin into the liquid. Simply set the time and temperature, which can be set to operate up to 48 hours and between 95 and 165 degrees Fahrenheit. For more detailed thoughts on what you should be thinking about, read on. Ideal for both beginners and experienced cooks, our top picks are perfect for preserving meat, fish, herbs, vegetables, and more. Step 11 - With a pipette or squeeze bottle, add the gummy mixture to your molds of choice. *See air drying notes below. The thing is, dehydrated food is the original convenience food, and there are few quicker, easier and more versatile food preservation methods than simple dehydration. What we didn't like, though, was that the trays were hand wash only with lots of little crevices, but if you have the patience for hand washing and want to be able to dehydrate large quantities of food at once, this may be the machine for you. MHP Dark Matter Post Workout. I used my food dehydrator at every harvest for multiple purposes and only once had a bad result. They're sweet, crunchy, and full of concentrated banana flavor. Benefits of Bioscience Keto Gummies. Wash and dry your zucchini. Stainless steel, on the other hand, is often found in horizontal air flow cabinet-style due to the rigidity of the material. They should be stored on the shorter end of the scale because this moisture can be breeding grounds for bacterial growth. Curbs appetite: May decrease hunger and cravings, making it simpler to adhere to a low-carb, high-fat diet. This no-fail recipe for CBD or THC gummies made with tincture is the perfect recipe for delicious cannabis gummies that are made with an alcohol-based tincture, full-extract cannabis oil, also known as FECO/RSO, or other cannabis concentrates. Add your desired amount for flavoring oil drops. Cons: Round trays are less efficient than rectangular ones. Ideally, you're going to want to keep your relative humidity at 35 to 40% during drying. National Center for Home Preservation. Though it is a bit harder to clean than other models, we found it made delicious, snackable treats from whatever fruit and vegetable we threw at it. Wait for six hours. Adjustable temperatures typically range from 80 up to 160 to 180 degrees Fahrenheit. Products tested were used to dry herbs and citrus zest and make fruit leather, jerky, fruit and veggie chips, and more. In our tests, the machine came to temperature quickly and didn't take long to make fruit leather (but did take much longer to dry herbs). A 15-year veteran of the restaurant industry, Airman has used his experience to cover food, restaurants, cooking and do-it-yourself projects. Some foods, like dried peas or mushrooms, are not necessarily meant to be eaten as-is but rather to be used as ingredients. Why Trust Us? There's also a memory function that automatically calibrates to your last settings, the trays are BPA-free, plus it doesn't take up too much counter space. Dehydrator = melted gummy mess. She covers kitchen tools and gadgets for The Spruce Eats and is the author of Make Ahead Bread. And avoid boiling any liquid that has the gelatin added. At this temperature range, you are retaining as much as the nutrients as possible in the mango but still drying in an acceptable time. We appreciated that the machine arrives fully assembled and comes to temperature in 10 minutes, but we didn't like that the opaque plastic meant there was no way to look in and check on progress. I've read mixed things about fridge vs dehydration. If you have leftover whole cranberry sauce. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Elizabeth L. Andress, PhD, is professor emerita and extension food safety specialist at the University of Georgia. It's not too tall, so it can fit easily into a cabinet, and one tester said the metal trays "feel like they would be more durable than the plastic trays in other models." Pros: It evenly dries jerky, it's easy to use and clean, and it doesn't take up too much counter space. For sweet and sour gummi bears, soak the candies in hot water for 30 seconds to make them sticky. Check Price. It's certainly on the expensive side, priced at roughly $550 at the time of this writing, but it features 11 stainless steel trays and a hinged glass door with an internal LED light. "There is just one knob with various temperature ranges - not very adjustable to a specific temperature," said one tester. Set an alarm or timer for two hours. Dehydrated Butter. Our testers also loved its practicality: "This is a nice, compact medium capacity machine, not taking up too much space on a countertop. The machine had more issues with coming up to temperature than the others but typically did so in about 20 minutes. The capacity and physical footprint of the dehydrator are also deciding factors for how well one of these machines will perform (and fit) in your kitchen space. A 1-year warranty is included with every purchase. Food trends come and go, but dehydrating fresh fruit, vegetables, and meat at home for future consumption is one of the oldest home crafts in existence. Its temperature range is slightly shorter by a few degrees at the high end than all the other food dehydrators. Repeat heating it for 15 seconds 3 more times for a total heating time of 1 1/2 minutes. High-fat contents cause foods to go rancid faster and are often resistant to dehydrating in the first place. What you may not know as much about ishow significantly humidity problems can slowyour production process, costing you time and money. Provided you have the counter space for it, however, storing the Brod & Taylor is a breeze. Protease is an enzyme present in these fruits that degrades the gelatins gelling. Our testers noted that, while many machines occupy vertical space, this one is wide, so it will need some real estate once it's set up. Our testers had lots of good things to say about its design and ease of use, noting the "round stackable trays that fit together well, capped by a lid that encompasses the fan and controls." Making gummies at home is even more fun than it seems. Gourmia Premium Electric Food Dehydrator Machine ($140). Mix 3:1 cranberry sauce to apple sauce and puree. This works best with alcohol since it does not require heating. Each is simple to adjust, portable and canhandle the capacity of smaller operations. Protease is an enzyme present in these fruits that degrades the gelatin's gelling. Best Overall: Presto Dehydro Square Dehydrator at Walmart. The round trays mean that longer stalks of herbs will need to be cut into pieces to dry efficiently. When packing dried foods for long-term storage, it's recommended to put only as much food as you will use at once or is needed for a given recipe in each package. The controls are very basic: just one knob with various temperature ranges, which makes it tricky to adjust to a specific temperature. Katya Weiss-Andersson is a commerce editor for The Spruce Eats. Gently heat the watermelon juice in the saucepan just to warm it - do not bring it to a boil or simmer. Packaging and storing dried foods. You just have to make sure you keep an eye on your bud, and have it on the lowest setting possible. For this reason it can maintain precise humidity levels24/7, critical in nutraceutical production. Her work appears in a variety of publications, including Popular Mechanics, Wine Enthusiast and SevenFifty Daily. It even comes with a cookbook and a free silicone oven mitt. Spread onto dehydrated trays. The best way to add alcohol to a gummy would be to use Instagel. Foods that are not dehydrator-friendly include avocados, olives, fatty meats, eggs, nuts, cheese, or other foods with high-fat content. The 10 Best Food Dehydrators for Your Kitchen, Save 56% on This Champion Portable Generator, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads. All Rights Reserved, Infuse Store-Bought Gummies with Cannabis Tinctures, Delicious Cannabutter Steak - How to Make It The Right Way, Simple, Delicious Cannabis Chocolate Chip Cookies, Frequently Asked Cannabis Gummy Questions, Cannabis Gummies Made with Tincture or FECO/RSO. Pros: It's an easy-to-use, reasonably priced, and high-performing machine that dries food evenly and features an automatic shut-off and timer. Another said, "this machine was easy to use just plug in and go.". Did you make this recipe or have a question? Cosori Round Food Dehydrator. The Elite Gourmet Food Dehydrator is our winner for best budget pick. The dehydrator can automatically switch from an initial high temperature to a lower one for quicker drying without overcooking. You dont want too high of a temperature for dehydrating because the outside of food pieces cannot dry too much before moisture is pulled out of the interior of pieces." . Some ovens and toaster ovens may have a dehydrating preset. Airman also studied nursing at San Diego State University. 86% of 12,200+ Amazon reviewers rated this product 5 stars. The general rule: the more moisture the food has, the shorter the shelf life," she says. There's also a two-stage timer that automatically starts the cooking process at a high temperature and lowers it at the end of the cycle. Power Rating: 480 watts | Tray Size: 12 x 13 inches | Trays Included: 6 (max capacity: 7 trays) | Temperature Range: 95 to 165 F | Dimensions: 12 x 18 x 14 inches | Weight: 15.7 pounds | Timer: 24-hour max | Air Flow Type: Horizontal, The trays are easy to slide in and out, and the digital time and temperature controls are easy to use.. Sift cornstarch into a small shallow dish until it reaches the level of the rim. If you want to save a bit of money, you can opt for plastic trays instead of stainless steel, but the stainless steel ones will last longer. Our experts loved the Tribest for ease of use and cleaning, which rated as highly as the Magic Mill, as well as its design and quiet motor. That generally means, how often is a door to an outside room opening and closing? Meghan was the Food Editor for Kitchn's Skills content. If jerky-making is high on your list of priorities, its wise to make sure the machine you buy has a temperature range appropriate for drying meat (going up to at least 150 degrees Fahrenheit). The controls are easy to use, it dries evenly, and comes with a special fruit leather tray. Step 10 - Whisk vigorously for 3-5 minutes. Cookie Notice Turn off the heat. Check on it at 6 hours and break up any clumps as it's drying. Instructions. The dehydrating temperature for jerky ranges from 160 to 165 degrees F. Dust off the sample with a pastry brush to remove the cornstarch. Mesh tray liners can help prevent pieces of food from falling to the bottom of your dehydrators. Our expert product testers evaluated the best food dehydrators on the market, putting each through a series of tests and factoring in airflow, heating elements, size, weight, and overall design. So, lets get into it. This dehydrator, which is popular for apartment and RV living, is equipped with 5 trays. Leave the texture sample gummi bear out at room temperature for 15 minutes to warm up. She started her career as a daily newspaper reporter and was a travel editor for more than a decade before she started testing and reviewing luggage, noise-cancelling headphones, and other travel-related products. Leave a 1/4-inch of space between each gummi bear. 3. Next dice into roughly 1/2 inch pieces. Back in the day, gummy bears had little competition other than the occasional gummy worm. Reasonable price point with solid features. Dehydrated Kiwi is nature's sweet and sour gummy candy, cut into thick slices and then quartered, these are chewy and delicious! Our testers also would have liked the plastic door to stay open during loading, rather than having to be removed. This dehydrator is quieter than some other models, and our testers found its trays were easier to wash by hand than some models. Whisk consistently until all ingredients are incorporated. It's also great for using up dried herbs and seasonings like ramp powder, and you can get creative and use it for everything from citrus powder to fruit roll-ups. Pre-heating the dehydrator to 145 degrees F for 15-30 minutes is essential. Some storage ideas include canning jars with any type of screw-on lid, double-row zip-top plastic bags, and tight-fitting lidded plastic or glass containers. Thats why getting the variables listed above is so important. U could just add some mold inhibitor. Most gummi bear makers produce a selection of fruit-inspired flavors and colors. The Spruce Eats / Victor Protazio. You can quickly dry gummi bear candies to achieve the precise level of chewiness you enjoy. There's also a nylon zippered case for storage. Ultimately, it didn't make our list because it wasn't as effective at handling fruit leather as some other models: the leather itself had ridges in it because of the shape of the trays, and stuck to the tray, making cleaning more difficult. Leave vacuum on and turn freeze on to under 100. The only downside we saw was that this model requires assembly, and our testers had to refer to the manual often while putting it together. Herbs are the perfect dehydration project regardless of experience level, and people love to have dried herbs on hand. But, if it goes wrong well, its a lot of product thats essentially unsellable. In a separate small saucepan on the stove, add the remaining cup of water or juice. ). In a small bowl, add cup of water or juice. If yours doesn't have this, you can still dry foods by setting the oven to the lowest possible temperature. Dehydrating fruits including apples, bananas, grapes, mangos, pineapples, tomatoes, peaches, apricots, and cherries concentrates their sweetness and makes them easy to enjoy on the go. Follow this tip: Cooking the alcohols, like wine, reduces the alcohol content and makes them easier to gel. Stir until well mixed. I heard one person suggesting a quick dunk in Everclear to cut stickiness. Every food dehydrator we write about below has average customer ratings of 4.2 stars or more. The food dried very evenly from level to level, did not crack, and peeled off easily. One of the sleekest dehydrators you'll find, this Cosori model is black and stainless steel with a glass door that lets you keep an eye on the drying process. Remove the pan from the heat. You can even use them to make dessert nachos! For smaller operations, we generally recommendaQuest Trotec TR 80 or TR 110. Pros: It's simple to use and can be customized with additional trays to suit your needs. Dehydrators either have horizontal or vertical airflow. It's tall at 17.5 inches high, which may be an issue for some with low cabinets, but it's narrow, with a 12 by 14inch footprint. If you add extra layers or overcrowd the trays, you impede the airflow and overtax the heat capacity, resulting in uneven dehydrating and, in the worst case, bacterial activity before sufficient moisture is removed," she says. What are the benefits of using a food dehydrator? If you haven't already, evaporate the alcohol from your cannabis tincture. Press the gummi bears into the cornstarch with their feet and hands pointing down until the flat backside is even with the level of the cornstarch. You can also dehydrate sauces (from tomato sauce to fruit jellies) and full meals so that they're lightweight, shelf-stable, and ready to rehydrate with some hot water. I'm trying to create a gummy production setup and really need to nail the consistency. Lee S, Choi Y, Jeong HS, Lee J, Sung J. Other highlights among features include a 48-hour timer with auto shutoff and adjustable digital thermostat, plus it comes with a recipe book, but there's only one mesh sheet for drying things like herbs. Banana chips are a fantastic snack. Dehydrated foods that you'll be eating right away should be stored in airtight containers. "One technical thing you may want to note is that storage length is also determined by how much moisture is left in the food item. And, our testers say that even though it is technically dishwasher safe, you'll want to remove the trays from the dishwasher before the drying cycle. The Cosori Original Food Dehydrator got top scores across the board in our tests for dehydrating everything quickly, quietly, and evenly. The trays slide in and out easily, and the digital controls are easy to use. This nine-tray dehydrator can handle large batches at a time and has an LED panel for precise temperature control. Spread into " layers on fruit leather sheets. To help you find which food dehydrator is best for your kitchen, we tested 22 models side-by-side and evaluated their ease of use, performance, ease of cleaning, design, and noise. As moisture is released from the gummi bears, they become increasingly tough and chewy. If you haven't used a dehydrator before, the Snackmaster is an affordable entrance into the world of dehydrating food. We tested 22 food dehydrators side by side in our Lab to see how well they would dry herbs and make fruit leather. Create this dehydrator recipe. It operates very quietly and arrives fully assembled. Recover this lost art with more than 100 food dehydrator recipes to fill your pantry! Go too high and gummies stay sticky in the package. Dehydrator recipes can be hard to find in this age of modern convenience foods. L'Equip FilterPro 6 Tray Food Dehydrator ($135). Consult a recipe book and/or the instruction manual included with your dehydrator as a starting guide. Pros: It's an affordable machine with a timer as well as an automatic shutoff. Slide the shallow dish of cornstarch and gummi bears into the refrigerator. what's the best dehydrator for gummies . How should I slice my food before dehydrating? Some dehydrators operate at a single temperature, while others have an adjustable temperature dial. If you do decide to go with a model that has a top or bottom heating element, you'll want to rotate the trays occasionally for even drying, according to Ward, who would opt for a model with the heating element on top. The front door is see-through and easy to open, and it stays open when you need to access the contents of the trays. While the gelatin is blooming, you likely be prepping the liquid you plan to set. If you're looking for a dehydrator that takes up minimal space in your kitchen, the smallest models are usually around 9 x 9 x 7 inches and accommodate three to five trays. Directions below, if needed. Rear-mounted heating elements are ideal for even temperature and air distribution, according to Ward. Whether you want to preserve an overabundance of home-grown produce, eat more raw produce, create homemade fruit rollups or crispy kale chips, make handmade dog treats, or customize your own flavored jerky, food dehydrating is a fun alternative to store-bought snacks. Gelatin is the processed version of collagen, a protein found in connective tissue. Whether youre a food dehydrating newbie or if you want to upgrade to a larger unit with more features, read on for our top recommendations. Overlapping pieces of food or crowding the trays with too much food will result in inconsistent results. Leave a 1/4-inch of space between each gummi bear. Place the wet gummi bears on a paper towel to remove excess moisture. The trays are dishwasher safe, and our testers also liked their design. Cut the gummi bears into pieces to expose more surface area to the cornstarch and decrease drying times. The best models for making kale chips, fruit leather, or beef jerky. At least when I gave one a whirl. Our testers loved the Samson's design, ease of use, and quiet operation. Store in an airtight container and enjoy! This model comes with one screen, one fruit roll sheet, a sample of jerky seasoning and cure, and a recipe and instruction book. This helps in even drying. Gummiesare more popular than ever, serving asthe little candy that delivers everything from CBD to your daily essential vitamins and minerals. Taste of Home, Good Housekeeping, and This Old House all picked the Cosori Premium Stainless Steel Dehydrator. We loved the automatic shutoff feature, whisper-quiet operation, and stellar performance; everything we made came out very evenly dehydrated with no cracking and peeled off the trays nicely. How to dehydrate whole cranberry sauce leather. Other highlights include overheat protection, a washable and reusable filter, and a 10-year warranty. Drying herbs took six hours, and the middle and bottom racks were not as dry. Pros. Some say that meat jerky should be dehydrated at 150 degrees to keep potential pathogens at bay. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Depending on what you're making and how often, you may want to pick a dehydrator with an auto-shutoff function. The timer goes from 30 minutes up to 24 hours and has an automatic shutoff as well as a keep-warm feature. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. The Cosori rose to the top in our jerky tests, making jerky with great texture and flavor. Fruits and vegetables can also be chopped and dehydrated together for specific uses. Add the sugar and cook, stirring constantly, until it has completely dissolved and the mixture is thick and syrupy, about 3 minutes. When dehydrating a batch of food, you want to make sure your machine dries it all evenly. This is called blooming the gelatin. Power Rating: 1,000 watts | Tray Size: 15.5 inches in diameter | Trays Included: 4 (max capacity: 20 trays) | Temperature Range: 90 to 160 F | Dimensions: 11 x 16 x 16 inches | Weight: 11 pounds | Timer: 48-hour max | Air Flow Type: Vertical, We like that the whole outer surface of the machine remains completely cool to the touch.. Magic Mill Food Dehydrator Machine at Amazon, Tribest Digital Food Dehydrator at Amazon, Hamilton Beach Digital Food Dehydrator at Amazon, Brod & Taylor Folding Food Dehydrator at Amazon, Cosori Premium Stainless Steel Dehydrator at Amazon, Nesco Gardenmaster Food Dehydrator at Amazon, NESCO Snackmaster Pro Food Dehydrator at Amazon, LEM Products 10-Tray Digital Dehydrator at Amazon, Magic Mill MFD-7100 Food Dehydrator Machine, Tribest Sedona Express Digital Food Dehydrator, Brod & Taylor Sahara Folding Food Dehydrator, Courtesy of Food & Wine / Victor Protazio, Cosori Premium Stainless Steel Dehydrator, Nesco FD-1040 Gardenmaster Food Dehydrator, LEM Products 1154 Stainless Steel Professional 10-Tray Digital Dehydrator. Cons: It's a heavy machine that you can't easily move. What makes dehydration work is time, airflow, and heat. Slide the shallow dish of cornstarch and gummi bears into the refrigerator. The exact storage period depends on a few factors, including how much moisture remains in the finished product and the method of storage. We offer everything from basic models to those with special features as mentioned above, along with options across price points, from budget-friendly options starting at roughly $65 and near-professional grade models upwards of $500. Don't let its large size intimidate you, though. If you don't have a lot of storage space, Brod & Taylor's dehydrator is the one for you. Mesh screens allow you to dehydrate small items like berries that would otherwise fall through typical dehydrator trays. Place foods on parchment-lined baking sheets in the oven, prop the oven door open slightly to help moisture escape and evaporate, and be sure to check your food periodically. Whisk well to dissolve. Yes, a standard oven or toaster oven can be used to dehydrate foods if it can go down to the proper temperature range for dehydration. Additionally, we find that something liketheQuest 132Dis a sound option. Do not try to do this immediately after they come out of the molds, they will melt. Cons: It has to be run empty before first use. It is very quiet compared to other models," one said. Another thing Ive seen with small nutraceutical facilities producing gummies iswhen production is increased,they dont have separate rooms for production and drying. Dehydrating food, from vegetables and fruits to meat and fish, is one of our oldest food preservation technologies. She has also contributed to publications such as Food & Wine, Travel + Leisure, and Southern Living. Yes, the humble gummy has become the rockstar of candy production. We don't tend to dry beef jerky until 100% moisture is gone enough to keep it safe but enough moisture remaining to transmit flavors and make it chewy. You can use an immersion blender to speed up the process if desired. Both tray material and shape also play a role in how many a dehydrator can fit.
How Does Gibbs' Reflective Cycle Support Professional Development, Cognitive Distortions Quiz Gcu, Req Session Passport Undefined, Articles B