Also, degree-awarding traditional medical schools now train and graduate traditional medical doctors. Many modern pharmaceuticals have been modeled on or were originally derived from these chemicals, for example, aspirin is synthesized from salicylic acid derived from the bark of Salix alba and the meadowsweet plant, Filipendula ulmaria. The group also shares and documents evidence-based therapeutic knowledge. DOI: Wiltgen A, et al. Fruits and seeds also contain highly active phytochemicals and essential oils. According to these studies, evening primrose oil might just be the Swiss Army knife of the medicinal plant world. Comparative antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil (Melaleuca oil) and common topical antimicrobials against bacteria associated with wound and topical infections.DOI: Hostettman K. (2003). DOI: Chung BY, et al. This may rely on past experience and observations handed down from generation to generation either verbally, frequently in the form of stories, or spiritually by ancestors or, in modern times, in writing [6]. However, the future of African traditional medicine is bright if viewed in the context of service provision, increase of health care coverage, economic potential, and poverty reduction. Some selected Nigerian medicinal plants and their uses. Others are steaming and inhaling the volatile oils exuding from the boiling plant material. The rich flora of Africa contains numerous toxic plants, though with interesting medicinal uses. A preservative such as honey may be added to prevent spoilage. 2 months ago; United States of America, All Countries ( Other than India ) An updated review on pharmacological activities and phytochemical constituents of evening primrose (genus Oenothera).DOI: Osman M, et al. German chamomile vs. Roman chamomile: Whats the difference? VISA APPROVAL The plant muti is commonly sold in specific sections of the open markets in South Africa, as shown in Figure3. Her story is one of passion, perseverance, and a commitment to delivering the truth to the people. The latency period between the use of a drug and the occurrence of an adverse reaction, if determined, can also help in its causality assessment in pharmacovigilance management [25]. Recently, its been discovered that lavender carries anti-inflammatory benefits as well. Sitz baths are used for piles [19, 20]. Turmeric has low bioavailability. Establishing a diagnosis of herbal toxicity can be difficult. Moringa Plant (Yoruba: Ewe Ile or Igbale Igi Iyanu, Igbo: Odudu Oyibo or Okwe Oyibo, DOI: Bommareddy A, et al. All rights reserved. (2016). Another study cites that flax seed has the ability to reduce blood pressure. Here are 5 signs that an avocado has gone bad. The view is that the human body is made out of the dust or ground; therefore, if the body has any problem, you would have to go to where it came from to fix it. Its commonly used as a highly concentrated essential oil. The various ethnic groups in Nigeria have different health care practitioners aside their western counterparts, whose mode of practice is not unlike in other tribes. DOI: Cooley J. In many cases, they combine both modern and herbal medicines, especially if they are afflicted by chronic ailments such as HIV/AIDS, hypertension, cancer, and diabetes [50]. Apart from the lack of adequate access and the fear of expired or fake drugs, the prohibitive cost of western medicine makes traditional medicine attractive. (2017). Allergic conjunctivitis to chamomile tea. Exorcism may be accompanied by dancing to the beating of drums, singing, and sometimes flogging the individual or touching him/her with strange objects such as animal tails and other objects to chase out the spirit. In 2023, Stella Din-Jacob rose to the top, The greatest problem still facing herbal medicine in Nigeria is lack of adequate standardization and safety regulations [52]. Mixtures are sometimes prepared with more than one plant to give synergistic or potentiating effects of the composite plants. 21 Dec, 22 1:17 pm Hover for Location individual. A traditional healer is one who provides medical care in the community that he lives, using herbs, minerals, animal parts, incantations, and other methods, based on the cultures and beliefs of his people. Herbal Medicine, Submitted: May 20th, 2017 Reviewed: July 17th, 2018 Published: January 30th, 2019, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. There needs to be further study into acne and scalp use, but for now, theres a degree of research into the antimicrobial superpowers of tea tree oil on wounds and topical infections. The divining bones that form the large majority of the objects include bones from various animals such as lions, hyenas, ant-eaters, baboons, crocodiles, wild pigs, goats, antelopes, etc. You Can Try OLUAWO DALEMOFOOSHA AGBEFALORI Today for any kind of SPIRITUAL ASPECT that taking Tears in your Eyes. Thats why, with the help of specialist Debra Rose Wilson, were looking at the most effective and therapeutic plants which have strong scientific evidence to support their safe use. WebThe most powerful herbalist in Nigeria. Aromas of rosemary and lavender essential oils differentially affect cognition and mood in healthy adults. The traditional healers known as the Sangoma or Inyanga are holders of healing power in the southern Bantu society. *Address all correspondence to: ezekjojo@yahoo.com. These traditional health care services are provided through tradition and culture prescribed under a particular philosophy, in which the norms and taboos therein are strictly adhered to and form the basis for the acceptability of traditional health practitioners in the community they serve [26]. Successful treatments became formalized, sometimes with prescriptions of correct methods of preparation and dosage. Morphine and codeine, derived from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), are used in the treatment of diarrhea and pain relief, while digitoxin is a cardiac glycoside derived from foxglove plant (Digitalis purpurea) [22, 24]. DOI: Moss M, et al. These provide a vast array of information for scientific research and validation. EXAMINATION SUCCESS Even though it needs more testing, you can always choose to use it if youre hoping to see your cold symptoms end more quickly. They are usually displayed in markets and sold with instructions on how to prepare them for maximum efficacy. Plants may be used singly or in combination with other plants. African traditional medicine is a form of holistic health care system that is organized into three levels of specialty, which include divination, spiritualism, and herbalism, though these may overlap in some situations [2, 3]. Price: Price On Call Type: Sell . Similar to modern day Western treatment patterns, African traditional societies also involved herbalism, surgery, dietary therapy, and psychotherapy, in addition to traditional exorcism, rituals, and sacrifice [28]. Flax seeds are one of a handful of plant-based sources for omega-3 fatty acids. It has potent health benefits, including lowering LDL (bad) cholesterol and reducing symptoms of poor circulation in the leg veins. It is therefore likely that many adverse drugs reactions go unrecorded with either patients failing to divulge information to health services, and no pharmacovigilance analyses are being carried out, or the observations are not being reported to appropriate quarters such as health regulatory bodies. Harvested for thousands of years, today flax seed is praised for its antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory benefits. POLITICAL APPOINTMENT IF YOU NEED THE BEST POWERFUL SPIRITUAL HERBALIST IN NIGERIA CALL CHIEF AWOLERE HERBALIST +2348156950703 is known to be, most powerful Both Western or traditional medicine come with their own challenges. The development and use of traditional herbal medicine (THM) have a very long historical background that corresponds to the Stone Age. Disadvantages. The combination of physical, mental/emotional, and social well-being is commonly referred to as the health triangle. Get Your Love Back These trees can live up to 3,000 years. @[LQpd*f,6. In addition, the ingredients and the manner of preparation varied with the ailment but were also dependent on various factors such as geographical, sociological, and economic, but the significant point was that in many cases, patients were cured of their physical or psychological ailments [29]. Invocation: They first invoke the presence of the almighty God, mother earth, and the ancestors. stream IF YOU NEED THE BEST POWERFUL SPIRITUAL HERBALIST IN NIGERIA CALL CHIEF AWOLERE HERBALIST +2348156950703 is known to be, most powerful native doctor from the ancient time till now, CHIEF AWOLERE HERBALIST lives strong among all other native doctors, there had never been any form of impossibility Improved plant identification, methods of preparation, and scientific investigations have increased the credibility and acceptability of herbal drugs. Combs D. (2016). More research is coming, and the applications are promising. An Enugu, Nigeria-based nonprofit organization, the Association for Scientific, Identification, Conservation and Utilization of Medicinal Plants of Nigeria (ASICUMPON), of which the writer is a member, is committed to highlighting the usefulness of medicinal plant resources and scientific assessment, preparation and application of these for the betterment of humanity and as Africas contribution to modern medical knowledge, under the chairmanship of Reverend Father Raymond Arazu. Its used worldwide as a cooking ingredient, which makes it a delicious, antioxidant-rich addition to many dishes. SicjDkle cell The knowledge is still shrouded in secrecy and not easily disseminated. (2009). Here, we will take a look at 10 of the most powerful spiritual herbalists in Nigeria, and a mention of some few things that got them on the list. Some of the people on this list even though late, still have a name that rings a bell. Information Guide Nigeria 1. Chief Ifayemi Elebuibon Listed below are some of the popular Nigerian herbs and their health benefits: 1. Clay and herbs application: Application of a mixture of white clay with herbs may be relevant in some of the healing processes. The writer with Dr. Okonkwo of St Ritas Ethnomedical Research Center, Enugu, after the interview. However, both plants and supplements, which arent regulated by the Food and Drug Administration for safety or quality, can have questionable dosage and might have a risk of contamination. 4{j}[?a;l1>F@,n4>)mLM!7c _A|6'o8+c{@)&p,L[!g/[Kh+ak+ -37[f-pPSyYOZ>~M;t}O';q2a-S:b
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j{:VyM6g7vGh Effect of evening primrose oil on Korean patients with mild atopic dermatitis: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study.DOI: Dhar D, et al. For example, a number of plants have been used in traditional medicine for many years without scientific data to back up their efficacy. This is established through the use of cowry shells, throwing of bones, shells, money, seeds, dice, domino-like objects, or even dominos themselves, and other objects that have been appointed by the diviner and the spirit to represent certain polarities on strips of leather or flat pieces of wood. African traditional herbal medicine may have a bright future which can be achieved through collaboration, partnership, and transparency in practice, especially with conventional health practitioners. The curative properties of herbal medicine are validated through scientific investigations, which seek to understand the active chemistry of the plants [23]. Rating. They claimed that the practice was very lucrative, especially since some ailments that defied orthodox medicine such as epilepsy and madness could be completely treated by traditional medicine. The scope of herbal medicines in Africa in the near future is very wide, but the issue of standardization is still paramount [64]. (2017). Win Court case People developed unique indigenous healing traditions adapted and defined by their culture, beliefs, and environment, which satisfied the health needs of their communities over centuries [15]. The caveat is that it can interact with several medications. It may disrupt hormones when applied undiluted. chevron_right Merchandise chevron_right Vehicles chevron_right Housing chevron_right Jobs chevron_right Business chevron_right Services Snuffs are powdered dried plant inhaled through the nostrils. CANCER As it stands today, the traditional medical practice is under the Ministry of health. Today, we live in a time when manufactured medicines and prescriptions prevail, but do they have to be the only approach to healing? FIBROID Such collaboration can increase service and health care provision and increase economic potential and poverty alleviation. Preliminary scientific knowledge is drawn from studies on in vitro and in vivo bioassays on crude extracts of various plants. If youd like to add some medicinal plants to your wellness regimen, Wilson sifted through the latest studies and provides her own ratings system for our list. Dried plants may be burnt, and their charcoal is used as such. Majdinasab N, et al. (2017). Most people in Ghana fully accept modern science-based medicine, but traditional medicine is still held in high regard. With experience, a particular method is chosen to increase efficiency and decrease toxicity. 8.2. Making decisions about herbs along with more traditional medicinal approaches is something you and your healthcare practitioner can address together. However, the interest and involvement of educated and scientific-minded people in herbal medicine practice have to a great extent demystified and increased the acceptability of these medicines by a greater percentage of would-be skeptical populace. Gruels are cereals/porridges made from grains, to which dried powdered plant or its ash is added to be taken orally. (2019). A host of other African plants with promising pharmaceutical potentials include Garcinia kola, Aframomum melegueta, Xylopia aethiopica, Nauclea latifolia, Sutherlandia frutescens, Hypoxis hemerocallidea (African wild potato), and Chasmanthera dependens as potential sources of antiinfective agents, including HIV, with proven activities [59], while Cajanus cajan, Balanites aegyptiaca, Acanthospermum hispidum, Calotropis procera, Jatropha curcas, among others, as potential sources of anticancer agents [60]. Posted: March 23, 2022; Views: 189; Price On Call. DOI: Arora T, et al. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. Traditional Medicine Practitioners in Kenya generally known as laibon far outnumber conventional or allopathic providers. The same is also true for plants from other African countries [22]. The Most Powerful Spiritual Herbalist in Nigeria. Libation pouring as is practiced in some communities has three main parts, namely invocation, supplication, and conclusion. The best powerful herbalist in Nigeria. African traditional medicine, of which herbal medicine is the most prevalent form, continues to be a relevant form of primary health care despite the existence of conventional Western medicine. In African traditional medicine, the curative, training, promotive, and rehabilitative services are referred to as clinical practices Clinical practice can also be viewed as the process of evaluating conditions of ill-health of an individual and its management. Exorcism: This is a practice of expelling demons or evil spirits from people or places that are possessed or are in danger of being possessed by them. Apart from the common routes such as oral, rectal, topical, and nasal, other methods include smoking a crudely prepared cigar containing dried plant materials or by passive inhalation. Medicinal plants are also important materials for the cosmetic industries. Evening primrose flowers are also called moonflowers because they bloom as the sun begins to set. A photograph of Dr. Anselm Okonkwo is shown here in Figure4, who is a veterinary doctor and a typical educated and knowledgeable herbal practitioner with the writer after interviewing him. (2017). While these manufactured drugs have certainly become paramount in our lives, it can be comforting to know that the power of nature is on our side, and these herbal choices are available to complement our health practices. DOI: Percival SS. Promotion At Work MAKE HASTE TO WHATSAPP CHIEF DR AWOLERE AWONLA HERBALIST +2348156950703 FOR SPIRITUAL PROBLEM TODAY AND YOU WILL SURELY GET SOLUTION TO allY YOUR SPIRITUAL PROBLEMS, Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. In like manner, African traditional herbal medicine or healing processes also have their own challenges. Microbial fermentation of flaxseed fibers modulates the transcriptome of GPR41-expressing enteroendocrine cells and protects mice against diet-induced obesity. Your skin could experience an allergic reaction. Echinacea purpurea protects against restraint stress-induced immunosuppression in BALB/c Mice. Counseling: The sick person is sometimes counseled on the dos and donts of treatment, the foods to eat or avoid, to be generally of good behavior as established by society and culture, failure of which the good spirits would withdraw their blessings and protection and therefore, open doors for illness, death, drought, and other misfortunes. As one of the oldest tree species, gingko is also one of the oldest homeopathic plants and a key herb in Chinese medicine. As always, speak with your doctor before starting any new health treatment. Another prominent member of the association, Professor J.C.Okafor, who is a renowned silviculturist and plant taxonomist, is helping members to identify and classify plants. These can be used to relieve congestion, headaches, or pulmonary problems. Its most effective diluted and applied to the skin or used in aromatherapy, and it has few side effects. Copyright 2021 www.quickadpost.com | All Rights Reserved. TRAVEL SUCCESS RING Powerful Properties of Ozonated Extra Virgin Olive Taraxacum Genus: Potential Antibacterial and Antif Syphilis, cough, emetic, vaginal discharge, Fever, antimicrobial, kidney, and bladder disease, Department of Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. The plant parts are harvested fresh, pulverized, and left to dry first, then soaked in water or other solvents like local gin. Their role is so remarkable since it arises from a thorough knowledge of the medicinal properties of indigenous plants and the pharmaceutical steps necessary in turning such plants into drugs such as the selection, compounding, dosage, efficacy, and toxicity. On the other hand, increased awareness and understanding have equally decreased the mysticism and gimmicks associated with the curative properties of herbs. Tiny cuts are made on the ailing area and left breast and the mixture rubbed into the cuts. % South African traditional plant medicines are fascinating with so many colors, forms, and effects. In African traditional medicine, traditional health practitioners (THP) assess patients in order to diagnose, treat, and prevent disease using their expertise by the following methods: Divination means consulting the spirit world. (2018). (2009). The Most Spiritual Powerful Herbalist In Nigeria. Thus, the treatment of an ill person involves not only aiding his/her physical being but may also involve the spiritual, moral, and social components of being as well. For example, information from folklore medicine in Nigeria has it that Rauvolfia vomitoria is used for treating hypertension and other nervous conditions while Ocimum gratissimum is used for treating diarrheal diseases. The bones represent all the forces that affect any human being anywhere, whatever their culture [31]. In many areas of Africa, the knowledge of plant species used and the methods of preparing and administering the medication, especially for serious ailments, still reside with traditional healers. Exorcism can only be performed by a religious leader or a priest who has the authorities and powers to do so. Recent research is looking into a component that can help diabetes, and there continue to be more studies, including an animal study that says it might influence bone healing. Spiritual-based cases are handled in the following manner: Spiritual protection: If the cause of the disease is perceived to be an attack from evil spirits, the person would be protected by the use of a talisman, charm, amulets, specially designed body marks, and a spiritual bath to drive the evil spirits away. See additional information. Harvested for Like many other African countries, Nigeria underperforms due mainly to inability to handle present-day complexities of governance, a situation that breeds The functioning of these three aspects in harmony signified good health, while if any aspect should be out of balance, it signified sickness. Evening primrose oil reducing serum lithium concentration. Love Ring Learn how to make your own digestive bitters, Ive had anxiety nearly my whole life. In todays Ghana, a traditional Medical Directorate has been established in the ministry of health to provide a comprehensive, recognizable, and standardized complementary system of health based on excellence in traditional and alternative medicine. It has also been said that before attaining knowledge in traditional African medicine, one is often required to be initiated into a secret society, as many characteristics of this form of medicine can only be passed down to initiates. The best way to add flax seed is through your diet. Much of the ethnomedicinal information is largely not validated. (2018). Although more research needs to be done with human subjects, one study says that flax seed can help prevent colon cancer. With this cautionary tale in mind, choosing the right plant can seem difficult to someone who simply wants to feel better without taking medication. Studies say that gingko can treat patients with mild to moderate dementia, and can slow cognition decline in dementia and Alzheimers disease. Try this bitters recipe that combines powerful ingredients that will help you find calm and contains herbs for, Bitters are great for the gut and tongue, especially since theyve got dandelion root, peels, and seeds. Herbal medicine is a special and prominent form of traditional medicine, in which the traditional healer, in this case known as the herbalist, specializes in the use of herbs to treat various ailments. Echinacea is a lot more than those pretty, purple coneflowers you see dotting gardens. In their view, until the possessed person is delivered from the power of that evil spirit, the person will not have his or her freedom. Hence, the practice of exorcism is considered necessary [37]. He must be seen to be competent, versatile, experienced, and trusted [4]. Am Talking About A Powerful Spiritual NAtive Doctor With The These alternatives arent cure-alls, and they arent perfect. Here are the 7 best elderberry gummies. Use of echinacea in medicine. 2019 The Author(s). God create LEAFS and ROOTS to help each other for goods,but its not create to do BAD or harm our selves.My BROTHERS, SISTERS, MOTHERS and Their practices are no different from other African countries. IT IS THE ASSIGNMENT OF THE NATIVE DOCTOR CHIEF AWOLERE AWONLA HERBALIST to OFFER SERVICES TO THOSE IN NEED OF spiritual assistance not minding the gravity of your situations or distance as long as Water, SEA, OCEAN, LAKE, RIVER, SAND, ETC. With time, large scale cultivation and harvesting of medicinal plants will provide sufficient raw materials for research, local production, and industrial processing and packaging for export. Shared with Public CHIEF IFAGBENGA +2347047556952 is one of the most powerful herbalist and native doctor in this whole Nigeria even Ijebu Land and Africa. Community-derived data show that hospitals are preferred if affordable and within reach. Libation: Libation involves pouring of some liquid, mostly local gin on the ground or sometimes on objects followed by the chanting or reciting of words. London, SW7 2QJ, WebNO SCAM OR 419 ZONE BECAUSE EVERYTHING WITH GOD ARE POSSIBLE IF YOU NEED THE BEST POWERFUL SPIRITUAL HERBALIST IN NIGERIA CALL CHIEF pain caused by inflammatory diseases, like arthritis. 5 Princes Gate Court, x][#~_Q/{V0bhuLKi
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7tv`a F6A4l`5;iFj 1/hBYjr1ax[6aPv&B%:?ilo-|>:D|h_Vmf5y`} ?Wl African herbal medicine is holistic in the sense that it addresses issues of the soul, spirit, and body. Generally, different methods of preparation include: ExtractionThis is prepared with solvent on a weight by volume basis. Date: March As One Of The that afflict populations of the African region and in addition offer counseling/advice and solutions to prevent future reoccurrence. (2005). Therefore, those who wish evil (i.e., enemies, witches, and people with evil powers) on them should fall and die [8]. The leaves are used to create capsules, tablets, and extracts, and when dried, can be consumed as a tea. RhizomesWoody or fleshy underground stem that grows horizontally and brings out their leaves above the ground, e.g., Zingiber officinale (ginger), which is used for respiratory problems; Imperata cylindrica (spear grass) for potency in men and Curcuma longa (turmeric), an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer drug. The best-known use of echinacea is to shorten symptoms of the common cold, but more studies are needed to verify this benefit and to understand how echinacea boosts immunity when a virus is present. For years, grapeseed extract, which is available via liquid, tablets, or capsules, has been well-established and applauded for its antioxidant activity. Its perhaps best-known for its ability to boost brain health. Keep this in mind before choosing supplements from the shelf. Besides, ratio of medical doctors to the patients is about 1:20000, while for traditional healers, the ratio is 1:200. Both however agreed to the mystic or esoteric power of plants, which they sometimes employ in their diagnosis and treatment. As with synthetic drugs, the quality, efficacy, and safety of medicinal plants must also be assured. Safety: used as an herb: 5/5; used as a supplement: 4/5. Research into traditional medicine will scale up local production of scientifically evaluated traditional medicines and improve access to medications for the rural population. Debra Rose Wilson, PhD, MSN, RN, IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT, Embrace your inner herbalist spirit and explore how to boost your physical and mental health through plants natural healing legacy. Knowledge was however improved by further training, interaction, and discussion with colleagues, consultation of books on herbal medicine, and the Internet. For example, some studies have found that evening primrose oil has anti-inflammatory properties. Spiritual healer or Sangoma from South Africa (SourceAncient Origins). Webthis immense reservoir of plants, herbalists in Nigeria source different herbal medicines which are widely used today and surprisingly gaining recognition by government as can Category . Wilson recommends that tea tree oil, as with all essential oils, should be diluted in a carrier oil. However, many herbs and teas offer harmless subtle ways to improve your health. It is the oldest and still the most widely used system of medicine in the world today. FINANCIAL BREAKTHROUGH Studies are confirming that regular consumption of grapeseed extract has anticancer effects and seems to halt cancer cell growth. Others include Citrus paradise seeds for resistant urinary tract infections, pure honey for chronic wound treatment, Carica papaya seeds for intestinal parasites, Garcinia kola seeds for pain and inflammation, and Aloe vera for skin diseases. Knowledge of most of these curative properties was accumulated over time from evidence-based observations. Ethnobotanical surveys involve the interaction with the people and their environment and are therefore participatory approaches, in which local people are able to contribute their knowledge on the uses of plants within their environment. Raising the standards of African traditional herbal medicine to international standards through intercountry collaboration. Different ethnic groups and cultures recognize different illnesses, symptoms, and causes and have developed different health-care systems and treatment strategies. In some Ghanaian communities, especially in the Akan communities, traditional healers and practitioners are of the opinion that disobeying taboos is one of the ways that could lead to severe illness to the person(s) or community involved [43]. Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold. Side effects can include headache, upset stomach, dizziness, and allergic reaction. A detail of plant parts used in herbal medicines is as follows: Rootsi.e., the fleshy or woody roots of many African plant species are medicinal. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. 7 0 obj The first principle is diagnosis followed by complex treatment procedures using plants from the bush, followed by many rituals, the ultimate aim being to cure disease. Commanding Tone Powerful Herbalist in Nigeria. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. There are also different methods of administration. It is, therefore, an integral part of an African traditional way of diagnosing diseases. However, according to WHO [15], at least 80% of people in Africa still rely on medicinal plants for their health care. Other books have likewise produced useful information [16, 21]. Avoid using herbs for infants and children and for those who are pregnant and breastfeeding. Incorrect identification and misuse of plants may also lead to toxicity. Another constraint to the development of traditional medicine in Tanzania was lack of data on seriously threatened or endangered medicinal plant species [46].
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